{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220665794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037","title":"Active Soft Brace for Scoliotic Spine: A Finite Element Study to Evaluate in-Brace Correction","display_name":"Active Soft Brace for Scoliotic Spine: A Finite Element Study to Evaluate in-Brace Correction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220665794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11020037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/2/37/pdf?version=1647861957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/2/37/pdf?version=1647861957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054591481","display_name":"Athar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-447X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Athar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-447X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049865357","display_name":"V. Fontanari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-522X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vigilio Fontanari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-522X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108335528","display_name":"Werner Schm\u00f6lz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner Schm\u00f6lz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-2594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066608996","display_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Rehabilitation (ROAR) Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Rehabilitation (ROAR) Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049865357","https://openalex.org/A5054591481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.6147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89498352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"37","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brace","display_name":"Brace","score":0.9523096084594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.6926819682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sagittal-plane","display_name":"Sagittal plane","score":0.6831009984016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronal-plane","display_name":"Coronal plane","score":0.5715727806091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoliosis","display_name":"Scoliosis","score":0.5315271019935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5179678201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bracing","display_name":"Bracing","score":0.450765460729599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trunk","display_name":"Trunk","score":0.4238881468772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.39274799823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34882229566574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18928799033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.13774165511131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.11871778964996338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.9523096084594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.6926819682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.6831009984016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13483470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470152","display_name":"Coronal plane","level":2,"score":0.5715727806091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780955175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Scoliosis","level":2,"score":0.5315271019935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5179678201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777905996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32500556","display_name":"Bracing","level":3,"score":0.450765460729599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193472","display_name":"Trunk","level":2,"score":0.4238881468772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.39274799823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34882229566574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18928799033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.13774165511131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.11871778964996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11020037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/2/37/pdf?version=1647861957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:262055db4a0b465ca4411ee289d54f10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/262055db4a0b465ca4411ee289d54f10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 37 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/363051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/363051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/376787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/376787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-6581/11/2/37/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics; Volume 11; Issue 2; Pages: 37","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11020037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11020037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/2/37/pdf?version=1647861957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317295","display_name":"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220665794.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220665794.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13982594","https://openalex.org/W87014095","https://openalex.org/W139784492","https://openalex.org/W1858677821","https://openalex.org/W1963256207","https://openalex.org/W1963821615","https://openalex.org/W1978021326","https://openalex.org/W1996943815","https://openalex.org/W1997847933","https://openalex.org/W2004123200","https://openalex.org/W2008560141","https://openalex.org/W2011075452","https://openalex.org/W2017664227","https://openalex.org/W2021761973","https://openalex.org/W2024618432","https://openalex.org/W2034149426","https://openalex.org/W2035352923","https://openalex.org/W2042370977","https://openalex.org/W2051559849","https://openalex.org/W2054810663","https://openalex.org/W2063952881","https://openalex.org/W2064108123","https://openalex.org/W2068765794","https://openalex.org/W2085400133","https://openalex.org/W2087681165","https://openalex.org/W2101070887","https://openalex.org/W2102558447","https://openalex.org/W2104021234","https://openalex.org/W2120701656","https://openalex.org/W2124739998","https://openalex.org/W2146513202","https://openalex.org/W2156058011","https://openalex.org/W2162519640","https://openalex.org/W2165251387","https://openalex.org/W2258066899","https://openalex.org/W2525192398","https://openalex.org/W2736464944","https://openalex.org/W2800153028","https://openalex.org/W3012528756","https://openalex.org/W3048688969","https://openalex.org/W3104985427","https://openalex.org/W3112831519","https://openalex.org/W3117366681","https://openalex.org/W3131114621","https://openalex.org/W6605677099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085797056","https://openalex.org/W3029575091","https://openalex.org/W2053814801","https://openalex.org/W3206109241","https://openalex.org/W2096492337","https://openalex.org/W2089641517","https://openalex.org/W2053950117","https://openalex.org/W4327677471","https://openalex.org/W2392728866","https://openalex.org/W4391683356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scoliosis":[0],"is":[1,6],"a":[2,101,172],"spinal":[3,36],"disorder":[4],"that":[5,116],"conventionally":[7],"treated":[8],"using":[9,120,149,171],"rigid":[10,43],"or":[11,42],"soft":[12,86,114,168],"braces.":[13,34],"Computational":[14],"methods":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"finite":[18,107,175],"element-based":[19],"models":[20],"are":[21,38,147],"used":[22],"to":[23,49,91,160,203],"investigate":[24],"the":[25,28,31,50,66,75,92,127,130,137,140,162,167,183,200,223],"mechanics":[26],"of":[27,33,63,68,111,182],"spine":[29,60,77,93,131,174],"and":[30,44,58,152,188,210],"effect":[32],"Most":[35],"braces":[37,73],"either":[39],"passive,":[40],"static,":[41],"do":[45],"not":[46],"allow":[47],"mobility":[48,90],"spine,":[51],"resulting":[52],"in":[53,139,191,207],"muscle":[54],"atrophy,":[55],"skin":[56],"deterioration":[57],"other":[59],"complexities.":[61],"Lack":[62],"control":[64],"over":[65],"amount":[67],"force":[69],"being":[70],"exerted":[71,125],"by":[72,126,135,166,221],"on":[74,129,199],"human":[76],"could":[78,99],"have":[79],"adverse":[80],"effects.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"developing":[83],"an":[84,112],"active":[85,113,169],"brace":[87,115,128,170,195,214],"which":[88],"allows":[89],"while":[94],"applying":[95],"controlled":[96,134,148],"corrective":[97,118],"forces":[98,119],"be":[100,133],"promising":[102],"solution.":[103],"This":[104,157],"study":[105,158],"presents":[106],"element":[108,176],"analysis":[109],"(FEA)":[110],"applies":[117],"elastic":[121,141,144],"bands.":[122,142],"The":[123,143,194,213],"pressure":[124],"can":[132],"varying":[136],"tensions":[138,146],"band":[145],"low-power,":[150],"lightweight,":[151],"twisted":[153],"string":[154],"actuators":[155],"(TSAs).":[156],"aims":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"immediate":[163],"corrections":[164],"induced":[165],"scoliotic":[173],"(FE)":[177],"model.":[178],"A":[179],"FE":[180],"model":[181,196],"patient\u2019s":[184],"trunk":[185,202],"was":[186,197,215],"created":[187],"validated":[189],"with":[190],"vitro":[192],"study.":[193],"installed":[198],"simulated":[201],"evaluate":[204],"in-brace":[205],"correction":[206],"both":[208],"sagittal":[209],"coronal":[211],"planes.":[212],"evaluated":[216],"under":[217],"various":[218],"load":[219],"cases":[220],"simulating":[222],"actuator":[224],"action.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
