{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158684676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","title":"An Overview of Verification and Validation Challenges for Inspection Robots","display_name":"An Overview of Verification and Validation Challenges for Inspection Robots","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158684676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","mag":"3158684676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/67/pdf?version=1620478698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/67/pdf?version=1620478698","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067587488","display_name":"Michael Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-3862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057738229","display_name":"Rafael C. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael C. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-6954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051822671","display_name":"Emily C. Collins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily C. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020387846","display_name":"Christopher Dadswell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Dadswell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040721287","display_name":"Louise A. Dennis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-1896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise A. Dennis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-1896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013515770","display_name":"Clare Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-9533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clare Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-9533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076259366","display_name":"Marie Farrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-3877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co., W23 N7F6 Kildare, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-3877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co., W23 N7F6 Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053250970","display_name":"Angelo Ferrando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-4670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Ferrando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-4670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020085889","display_name":"Xiaowei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-0366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029729668","display_name":"Michael Jump","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-2334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Jump","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-2334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020621799","display_name":"Georgios Kourtis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-0643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kourtis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057274980","display_name":"Alexei Lisitsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Lisitsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053767784","display_name":"Matt Luckcuck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-9312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Luckcuck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co., W23 N7F6 Kildare, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-9312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co., W23 N7F6 Kildare, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012646628","display_name":"Shan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-0372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-0372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086753365","display_name":"Vincent Pag\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-4778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036361163","display_name":"Fabio Papacchini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-7378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Papacchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-7378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058762497","display_name":"Matt Webster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-6881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Webster","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-6881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067587488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":6.5792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97194896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.8103712201118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7584609985351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7018811106681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5456252694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5316040515899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.48281988501548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4799123704433441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3280707895755768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.192484050989151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.8103712201118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7584609985351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7018811106681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5456252694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5316040515899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.48281988501548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4799123704433441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3280707895755768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.192484050989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/67/pdf?version=1620478698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/69b44619-c7a7-4a39-b87c-ed8ad1b1d05d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/69b44619-c7a7-4a39-b87c-ed8ad1b1d05d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fisher, M, Cardoso, R C, Collins, E C, Dadswell, C, Dennis, L A, Dixon, C, Farrell, M, Ferrando, A, Huang, X, Jump, M, Kourtis, G, Lisitsa, A, Luckcuck, M, Luo, S, Page, V, Papacchini, F & Webster, M 2021, 'An Overview of Verification and Validation Challenges for Inspection Robots', robotics, vol. 10, no. 2, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk:14977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14977/1/robotics-10-00067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401246","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","host_organization_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95be0aa4cc9b4f2f94e8356227eb4c54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95be0aa4cc9b4f2f94e8356227eb4c54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 67 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:168495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/168495/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1052173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1052173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1331900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1331900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-6581/10/2/67/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 67","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/67/pdf?version=1620478698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474488655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N007565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1879984806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026092/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2513151266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2576528220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2838024195","display_name":"UK Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Hub for Offshore Energy Asset Integrity Management","funder_award_id":"EP/R026173/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2898516364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3041203688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4026159562","display_name":"Science of Sensor System Software","funder_award_id":"EP/N007565/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4483049737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026173/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334245","funder_display_name":"Offshore Robotics for Certification of Assets"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6041094040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N007565/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465377262","display_name":"Robotics and Artificial Intelligence for Nuclear (RAIN)","funder_award_id":"EP/R026084/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6648683561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N007565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6732448074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026084/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G849311619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T026995/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8572172379","display_name":"Future AI and Robotics Hub for Space (FAIR-SPACE)","funder_award_id":"EP/R026092/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8602921712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334245","display_name":"Offshore Robotics for Certification of Assets","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158684676.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158684676.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":153,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58249170","https://openalex.org/W91982216","https://openalex.org/W103011253","https://openalex.org/W164470975","https://openalex.org/W176839376","https://openalex.org/W868535987","https://openalex.org/W1506588809","https://openalex.org/W1536130634","https://openalex.org/W1539210606","https://openalex.org/W1541469688","https://openalex.org/W1573641942","https://openalex.org/W1589481967","https://openalex.org/W1601920483","https://openalex.org/W1605302571","https://openalex.org/W1605914607","https://openalex.org/W1608490958","https://openalex.org/W1762311305","https://openalex.org/W1963666633","https://openalex.org/W1969205728","https://openalex.org/W2000567285","https://openalex.org/W2002956917","https://openalex.org/W2006607002","https://openalex.org/W2019004430","https://openalex.org/W2020787985","https://openalex.org/W2024664992","https://openalex.org/W2027653328","https://openalex.org/W2060688311","https://openalex.org/W2082079294","https://openalex.org/W2090161303","https://openalex.org/W2090551028","https://openalex.org/W2095588917","https://openalex.org/W2097856935","https://openalex.org/W2101623441","https://openalex.org/W2104216205","https://openalex.org/W2104999980","https://openalex.org/W2105631453","https://openalex.org/W2106069663","https://openalex.org/W2121615981","https://openalex.org/W2132866991","https://openalex.org/W2138512963","https://openalex.org/W2145790759","https://openalex.org/W2146735017","https://openalex.org/W2146819619","https://openalex.org/W2148745480","https://openalex.org/W2197974018","https://openalex.org/W2220500481","https://openalex.org/W2268732417","https://openalex.org/W2278421482","https://openalex.org/W2287325073","https://openalex.org/W2328685260","https://openalex.org/W2334319978","https://openalex.org/W2405929812","https://openalex.org/W2406740107","https://openalex.org/W2479648088","https://openalex.org/W2487779201","https://openalex.org/W2543296129","https://openalex.org/W2570930355","https://openalex.org/W2579078646","https://openalex.org/W2613532647","https://openalex.org/W2621058758","https://openalex.org/W2734901996","https://openalex.org/W2741806844","https://openalex.org/W2752666516","https://openalex.org/W2783211592","https://openalex.org/W2792289471","https://openalex.org/W2798957601","https://openalex.org/W2800473699","https://openalex.org/W2802984108","https://openalex.org/W2807059453","https://openalex.org/W2808202188","https://openalex.org/W2808527903","https://openalex.org/W2808762350","https://openalex.org/W2811472820","https://openalex.org/W2869036160","https://openalex.org/W2888823650","https://openalex.org/W2900440339","https://openalex.org/W2908789458","https://openalex.org/W2912806430","https://openalex.org/W2917032424","https://openalex.org/W2925371971","https://openalex.org/W2930735408","https://openalex.org/W2945630791","https://openalex.org/W2952645808","https://openalex.org/W2955566917","https://openalex.org/W2960127036","https://openalex.org/W2963208512","https://openalex.org/W2963518579","https://openalex.org/W2963557365","https://openalex.org/W2963913218","https://openalex.org/W2965287969","https://openalex.org/W2966797313","https://openalex.org/W2970829120","https://openalex.org/W2972814454","https://openalex.org/W2973204678","https://openalex.org/W2977713273","https://openalex.org/W2979261619","https://openalex.org/W2979485058","https://openalex.org/W2980568294","https://openalex.org/W2980982569","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W2991528307","https://openalex.org/W3002648685","https://openalex.org/W3003290062","https://openalex.org/W3005472653","https://openalex.org/W3010109960","https://openalex.org/W3011102739","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W3036286896","https://openalex.org/W3039743788","https://openalex.org/W3042716503","https://openalex.org/W3042769859","https://openalex.org/W3043101034","https://openalex.org/W3046570655","https://openalex.org/W3049119214","https://openalex.org/W3080154729","https://openalex.org/W3092670332","https://openalex.org/W3099019387","https://openalex.org/W3101642637","https://openalex.org/W3101648496","https://openalex.org/W3107687528","https://openalex.org/W3108058652","https://openalex.org/W3108537127","https://openalex.org/W3109937781","https://openalex.org/W3112691945","https://openalex.org/W3121093208","https://openalex.org/W3123858477","https://openalex.org/W3126083044","https://openalex.org/W3131082984","https://openalex.org/W3140030144","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W3172091474","https://openalex.org/W3206473230","https://openalex.org/W3214897310","https://openalex.org/W4244496890","https://openalex.org/W4245831650","https://openalex.org/W4252080152","https://openalex.org/W4302032666","https://openalex.org/W6602356940","https://openalex.org/W6632316971","https://openalex.org/W6636062922","https://openalex.org/W6637800706","https://openalex.org/W6656436062","https://openalex.org/W6676054085","https://openalex.org/W6679324309","https://openalex.org/W6679568601","https://openalex.org/W6693686563","https://openalex.org/W6696251255","https://openalex.org/W6738883884","https://openalex.org/W6755891520","https://openalex.org/W6756164254","https://openalex.org/W6756486208","https://openalex.org/W6761702203","https://openalex.org/W6768611611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2352115286","https://openalex.org/W2084793300","https://openalex.org/W2476350415","https://openalex.org/W599377045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"advent":[1],"of":[2,60,103,127],"sophisticated":[3],"robotics":[4],"and":[5,13,51,62,76,87,107,120],"AI":[6],"technology":[7],"makes":[8],"sending":[9],"humans":[10],"into":[11,32],"hazardous":[12],"distant":[14],"environments":[15],"to":[16,24,55,65,70,130],"carry":[17,56],"out":[18,57],"inspections":[19],"increasingly":[20],"avoidable.":[21],"Being":[22],"able":[23],"send":[25],"a":[26,30,33,58,95,125],"robot,":[27],"rather":[28],"than":[29],"human,":[31],"nuclear":[34],"facility":[35],"or":[36],"deep":[37],"space":[38,121],"is":[39,47],"very":[40],"appealing.":[41],"However,":[42],"building":[43],"these":[44],"robotic":[45],"systems":[46,69],"just":[48],"the":[49,68,91,104,113],"start":[50],"we":[52,99],"still":[53],"need":[54],"range":[59],"verification":[61],"validation":[63],"tasks":[64],"ensure":[66],"that":[67],"be":[71],"deployed":[72],"are":[73,115],"as":[74,78],"safe":[75],"reliable":[77],"possible.":[79],"Based":[80],"on":[81],"our":[82],"experience":[83],"across":[84,117],"three":[85],"research":[86],"innovation":[88],"hubs":[89,114],"within":[90],"UK\u2019s":[92],"\u201cRobots":[93],"for":[94],"Safer":[96],"World\u201d":[97],"programme,":[98],"present":[100],"an":[101],"overview":[102],"relevant":[105],"techniques":[106],"challenges":[108],"in":[109],"this":[110,123],"area.":[111],"As":[112],"active":[116],"nuclear,":[118],"offshore,":[119],"environments,":[122],"gives":[124],"breadth":[126],"issues":[128],"common":[129],"many":[131],"inspection":[132],"robots.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}
