{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157756913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","title":"Unsupervised Online Grounding for Social Robots","display_name":"Unsupervised Online Grounding for Social Robots","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157756913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","mag":"3157756913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/66/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/66/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078147241","display_name":"Oliver Roesler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Roesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-7102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009305087","display_name":"Elahe Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-4304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elahe Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group,\r\nVrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-4304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group,\r\nVrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078147241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05629205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"66","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.7425699234008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6559849381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6379942893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.622340738773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-ground","display_name":"Common ground","score":0.6087498664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5528228878974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5229533314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5101902484893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.43396180868148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4285699129104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4271652102470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39984872937202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15677165985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15378552675247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.12193647027015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.09038916230201721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.7425699234008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559849381446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6379942893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.622340738773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.6087498664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5528228878974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5229533314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5101902484893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.43396180868148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4285699129104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4271652102470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39984872937202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15677165985107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15378552675247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.12193647027015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09038916230201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/66/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:011af0ee4a50480e89fe475727a59982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/011af0ee4a50480e89fe475727a59982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 66 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-6581/10/2/66/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics10020066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/10/2/66/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157756913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157756913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587711156","https://openalex.org/W1501669607","https://openalex.org/W1949907236","https://openalex.org/W1968858585","https://openalex.org/W1975804500","https://openalex.org/W1976314928","https://openalex.org/W1977811986","https://openalex.org/W1982320473","https://openalex.org/W1986014385","https://openalex.org/W1994032939","https://openalex.org/W2000476293","https://openalex.org/W2010943014","https://openalex.org/W2012844124","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2022068631","https://openalex.org/W2027003121","https://openalex.org/W2028072294","https://openalex.org/W2030825785","https://openalex.org/W2054832392","https://openalex.org/W2059168261","https://openalex.org/W2082494017","https://openalex.org/W2107019937","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2133958057","https://openalex.org/W2144209400","https://openalex.org/W2147579759","https://openalex.org/W2160783091","https://openalex.org/W2167854178","https://openalex.org/W2249189521","https://openalex.org/W2251460485","https://openalex.org/W2294866981","https://openalex.org/W2474817860","https://openalex.org/W2527693370","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2890574125","https://openalex.org/W2934531377","https://openalex.org/W2950591343","https://openalex.org/W2999888342","https://openalex.org/W3041037226","https://openalex.org/W3044664353","https://openalex.org/W3046187144","https://openalex.org/W3089272957","https://openalex.org/W3104928232","https://openalex.org/W3110909889","https://openalex.org/W3132589884","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6641073924","https://openalex.org/W6681302672","https://openalex.org/W6991354624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911489449","https://openalex.org/W1546315632","https://openalex.org/W1901124962","https://openalex.org/W2607325685","https://openalex.org/W3087224699","https://openalex.org/W2651679057","https://openalex.org/W8712222","https://openalex.org/W2021787609","https://openalex.org/W2486181377","https://openalex.org/W4297470771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robots":[0],"that":[1,166],"incorporate":[2],"social":[3,114],"norms":[4,115],"in":[5,54,182,192],"their":[6,178],"behaviors":[7],"are":[8],"seen":[9],"as":[10],"more":[11,106],"supportive,":[12],"friendly,":[13],"and":[14,41,77,140,153,185,198],"understanding.":[15],"Since":[16],"it":[17,38],"is":[18,75,145,170],"impossible":[19],"to":[20,33,36,59,82,85,100,110,134,155,172],"manually":[21],"specify":[22],"the":[23,60,64,111,167,190],"most":[24],"appropriate":[25],"behavior":[26],"for":[27],"all":[28],"possible":[29],"situations,":[30],"robots":[31],"need":[32],"be":[34],"able":[35,171],"learn":[37],"through":[39,147,177],"trial":[40],"error,":[42],"by":[43,49],"observing":[44],"interactions":[45],"between":[46],"humans,":[47],"or":[48],"utilizing":[50],"theoretical":[51],"knowledge":[52],"available":[53],"natural":[55,73],"language.":[56],"In":[57],"contrast":[58],"former":[61],"two":[62],"approaches,":[63],"latter":[65],"has":[66,116],"not":[67,119],"received":[68],"much":[69],"attention":[70],"because":[71],"understanding":[72],"language":[74],"non-trivial":[76],"requires":[78],"proper":[79],"grounding":[80,90,96,104,132,160,195],"mechanisms":[81],"link":[83],"words":[84],"corresponding":[86,179],"perceptual":[87,180],"information.":[88],"Previous":[89],"studies":[91],"have":[92],"mostly":[93],"focused":[94],"on":[95],"of":[97,105,113,194],"concepts":[98,108],"relevant":[99,109],"object":[101],"manipulation,":[102],"while":[103,188],"abstract":[107],"learning":[112,129],"so":[117],"far":[118],"been":[120],"investigated.":[121],"Therefore,":[122],"this":[123],"paper":[124],"presents":[125],"an":[126,156,183],"unsupervised":[127,158,184],"cross-situational":[128],"based":[130],"online":[131],"framework":[133,144,169],"ground":[135,173],"emotion":[136,138],"types,":[137],"intensities":[139],"genders.":[141],"The":[142,162],"proposed":[143,168],"evaluated":[146],"a":[148],"simulated":[149],"human\u2013agent":[150],"interaction":[151],"scenario":[152],"compared":[154],"existing":[157],"Bayesian":[159],"framework.":[161],"obtained":[163],"results":[164],"show":[165],"words,":[174],"including":[175],"synonyms,":[176],"features":[181],"open-ended":[186],"manner,":[187],"outperfoming":[189],"baseline":[191],"terms":[193],"accuracy,":[196],"transparency,":[197],"deployability.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}