{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013453949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","title":"How Frequently Are Articles in Predatory Open Access Journals Cited","display_name":"How Frequently Are Articles in Predatory Open Access Journals Cited","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013453949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","mag":"3013453949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications8020017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/8/2/17/pdf?version=1606448110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/8/2/17/pdf?version=1606448110","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo-Christer Bj\u00f6rk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5085271","display_name":"Hanken School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/026086s92","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5085271"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Christer Bj\u00f6rk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanken School of Economics, P.O. Box 479, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanken School of Economics, P.O. Box 479, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5085271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sari Kanto-Karvonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sari Kanto-Karvonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Interactive Media, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Interactive Media, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Tuomas Harviainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-5663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Tuomas Harviainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Studies and Interactive Media, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-5663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Studies and Interactive Media, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5085271"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":9.2969,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98736126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publishing","display_name":"Publishing","score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-impact","display_name":"Citation impact","score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-publishing","display_name":"Scientific publishing","score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/period","display_name":"Period (music)","score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.3718999922275543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6829000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778793908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5122404","display_name":"Citation impact","level":3,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984423262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific publishing","level":3,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778407487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14565201","display_name":"Altmetrics","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201886","display_name":"Web of science","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775989791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18244815","display_name":"Scientific communication","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138368954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215028","display_name":"Peer review","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776312699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379084","display_name":"Science Citation Index","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777482740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232932","display_name":"Open access journal","level":4,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7432048","display_name":"Scholarly communication","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017579018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16024164","display_name":"Medical journal","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201456","display_name":"Directory","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications8020017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/8/2/17/pdf?version=1606448110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.10228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.10228","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.10228","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37932b3ebd264a20a8f6926f2b5ab605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37932b3ebd264a20a8f6926f2b5ab605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications, Vol 8, Iss 2, p 17 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10227/323870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10227/323870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2304-6775/8/2/17/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications8020017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications8020017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/8/2/17/pdf?version=1606448110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013453949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013453949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35367417","https://openalex.org/W1808807089","https://openalex.org/W1975947821","https://openalex.org/W2038650772","https://openalex.org/W2069226445","https://openalex.org/W2077429985","https://openalex.org/W2128186353","https://openalex.org/W2137834438","https://openalex.org/W2156487032","https://openalex.org/W2318039657","https://openalex.org/W2346972318","https://openalex.org/W2426372034","https://openalex.org/W2563792373","https://openalex.org/W2566331510","https://openalex.org/W2585706885","https://openalex.org/W2589050661","https://openalex.org/W2617799808","https://openalex.org/W2736518218","https://openalex.org/W2741809807","https://openalex.org/W2750116301","https://openalex.org/W2750942890","https://openalex.org/W2753184672","https://openalex.org/W2756220880","https://openalex.org/W2759461547","https://openalex.org/W2761177641","https://openalex.org/W2769274541","https://openalex.org/W2807615165","https://openalex.org/W2896566496","https://openalex.org/W2901094534","https://openalex.org/W2901674097","https://openalex.org/W2913304944","https://openalex.org/W2995110542","https://openalex.org/W4249889786","https://openalex.org/W6711698386","https://openalex.org/W6733225662","https://openalex.org/W6752466530","https://openalex.org/W6753370170","https://openalex.org/W6754887613","https://openalex.org/W6761381072"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predatory":[0],"journals":[1,5,12,38,56,72,107,144,181,211],"are":[2,73],"Open":[3],"Access":[4],"of":[6,43,102,117,151,159,172,190],"highly":[7],"questionable":[8],"scientific":[9,214],"quality.":[10],"Such":[11],"pretend":[13],"to":[14,30,58],"use":[15],"peer":[16,179],"review":[17],"for":[18,26,137],"quality":[19],"assurance,":[20],"and":[21,76,110,122,147,156],"spam":[22],"academics":[23],"with":[24,198],"requests":[25],"submissions,":[27],"in":[28,61,70,77,91,105,134,142,145,175,183,194,209],"order":[29],"collect":[31],"author":[32],"payments.":[33],"In":[34],"recent":[35],"years":[36],"predatory":[37,106,210],"have":[39,84,96,212],"received":[40],"a":[41,115,131,169],"lot":[42,116],"negative":[44],"media.":[45],"While":[46],"much":[47,68],"has":[48],"been":[49],"said":[50],"about":[51],"the":[52,89,103,118,160,176,184,195],"harm":[53],"that":[54,80,99,157,206],"such":[55,71,143],"cause":[57],"academic":[59],"publishing":[60],"general,":[62],"an":[63,149,188],"overlooked":[64],"aspect":[65],"is":[66,81],"how":[67],"articles":[69,104,119,140,161,173,207],"actually":[74],"read":[75],"particular":[78],"cited,":[79],"if":[82],"they":[83],"any":[85],"significant":[86],"impact":[87],"on":[88],"research":[90],"their":[92],"fields.":[93],"Other":[94],"studies":[95],"already":[97],"demonstrated":[98],"only":[100,199],"some":[101],"contain":[108],"faulty":[109],"directly":[111],"harmful":[112],"results,":[113],"while":[114],"present":[120],"mediocre":[121],"poorly":[123],"reported":[124],"studies.":[125],"We":[126,204],"studied":[127],"citation":[128],"statistics":[129],"over":[130],"five-year":[132],"period":[133,197],"Google":[135],"Scholar":[136],"250":[138],"random":[139,170],"published":[141,174,208],"2014":[146],"found":[148],"average":[150,189],"2.6":[152],"citations":[153,164,193],"per":[154],"article,":[155],"56%":[158],"had":[162,187],"no":[163,202],"at":[165],"all.":[166],"For":[167],"comparison,":[168],"sample":[171],"approximately":[177],"25,000":[178],"reviewed":[180],"included":[182],"Scopus":[185],"index":[186],"18,":[191],"1":[192],"same":[196],"9%":[200],"receiving":[201],"citations.":[203],"conclude":[205],"little":[213],"impact.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00"}