{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2306474348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","title":"Creative Commons and Appropriation: Implicit Collaboration in Digital Works","display_name":"Creative Commons and Appropriation: Implicit Collaboration in Digital Works","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2306474348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","mag":"2306474348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications4010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/4/1/7/pdf?version=1458633109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/4/1/7/pdf?version=1458633109","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009825029","display_name":"R. Lyle Skains","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-0215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Skains","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Creative Studies &amp; Media, Bangor University, John Phillips Hall, College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-0215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Creative Studies &amp; Media, Bangor University, John Phillips Hall, College Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009825029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.1031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9028484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appropriation","display_name":"Appropriation","score":0.9607251286506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.7706094980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commons","display_name":"Commons","score":0.626253604888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5329670906066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.44994300603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4137662947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3375498056411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.3326289653778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.20383119583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literature","display_name":"Literature","score":0.1792115867137909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.15805694460868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.134590744972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.10695949196815491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776931063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781738","display_name":"Appropriation","level":2,"score":0.9607251286506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7706094980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49427245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9828451","display_name":"Commons","level":2,"score":0.626253604888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5329670906066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.44994300603866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4137662947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3375498056411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3326289653778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20383119583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1792115867137909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15805694460868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.134590744972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10695949196815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications4010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/4/1/7/pdf?version=1458633109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jpubli:v:4:y:2016:i:1:p:7-:d:66213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/4/1/7/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97ccfbfccfc94dc081f425ec79334c57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97ccfbfccfc94dc081f425ec79334c57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 7 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2304-6775/4/1/7/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications; Volume 4; Issue 1; Pages: 7","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.bangor.ac.uk:publications/38d8af60-ec62-4909-af5f-77d2e57ae880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/creative-commons-and-appropriation-implicit-collaboration-in-digital-works(38d8af60-ec62-4909-af5f-77d2e57ae880).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402103","display_name":"Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","host_organization_name":"Bangor University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications4010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications4010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6775/4/1/7/pdf?version=1458633109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2306474348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2306474348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480360520","https://openalex.org/W1511154379","https://openalex.org/W1514520715","https://openalex.org/W1517300810","https://openalex.org/W1520922838","https://openalex.org/W1992400625","https://openalex.org/W2001125169","https://openalex.org/W2094924465","https://openalex.org/W2119723391","https://openalex.org/W2128408640","https://openalex.org/W2131112786","https://openalex.org/W2140287075","https://openalex.org/W2152985123","https://openalex.org/W2339065664","https://openalex.org/W2499992897","https://openalex.org/W2574958785","https://openalex.org/W2606798803","https://openalex.org/W2618380456","https://openalex.org/W2911893826","https://openalex.org/W3026827275","https://openalex.org/W4233316080","https://openalex.org/W4241926506","https://openalex.org/W4242911310","https://openalex.org/W4243961112","https://openalex.org/W4394748224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253857224","https://openalex.org/W2373727645","https://openalex.org/W2361608907","https://openalex.org/W2328029713","https://openalex.org/W1588336505","https://openalex.org/W2981691174","https://openalex.org/W4388867209","https://openalex.org/W3005098871","https://openalex.org/W2504309408","https://openalex.org/W2941727214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Appropriation":[0],"is":[1,83],"a":[2],"common":[3],"practice":[4,67],"in":[5,11,71],"art":[6],"and":[7,18,24,46,79,101],"literature;":[8],"electronic":[9],"literature":[10],"particular":[12],"lends":[13],"itself":[14],"readily":[15],"to":[16,21],"appropriation":[17,37,69],"collaboration,":[19],"due":[20],"its":[22],"multimodal":[23],"born-digital":[25],"nature.":[26],"This":[27,66],"paper":[28],"presents":[29],"practice-based":[30],"research":[31],"examining":[32],"the":[33,54,62,75,93],"effects":[34],"of":[35,41,68,88,95],"digital":[36,42,76],"on":[38],"two":[39],"works":[40],"fiction":[43],"(a":[44],"hyperfiction":[45],"an":[47,85],"interactive":[48],"fiction),":[49],"demonstrating":[50],"how":[51],"it":[52],"alters":[53],"creative":[55,77],"writer\u2019s":[56],"typical":[57],"process,":[58],"as":[59,61],"well":[60],"resulting":[63],"narrative":[64],"itself.":[65],"results":[70],"\u201cimplicit":[72],"collaboration\u201d":[73],"between":[74],"writer":[78],"those":[80],"whose":[81],"work":[82],"appropriated,":[84],"arguable":[86],"form":[87],"shared":[89],"authorship.":[90],"Questions":[91],"regarding":[92],"ethics":[94],"this":[96],"practice,":[97],"including":[98],"copyright":[99],"concerns":[100],"authorship,":[102],"are":[103],"discussed.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
