{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411575578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030","title":"How China Governs Open Science: Policies, Priorities, and Structural Imbalances","display_name":"How China Governs Open Science: Policies, Priorities, and Structural Imbalances","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411575578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13030030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715044","display_name":"Xiaoting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-3636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094956","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l'Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne","ror":"https://ror.org/00kzsxx38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210094956","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Groupe d\u2019\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l\u2019Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne, GEMASS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 75017 Paris, France","School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groupe d\u2019\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l\u2019Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne, GEMASS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 75017 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210094956","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029050320","display_name":"Abdelghani Maddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9268-8022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094956","display_name":"Groupe d'\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l'Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne","ror":"https://ror.org/00kzsxx38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210094956","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelghani Maddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Groupe d\u2019\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l\u2019Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne, GEMASS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 75017 Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groupe d\u2019\u00c9tude des M\u00e9thodes de l\u2019Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne, GEMASS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 75017 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210094956","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573815","display_name":"Yanyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-117X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029050320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210094956"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":11.8622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97962442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"30","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.8036233186721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-science","display_name":"Open science","score":0.47254061698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy","display_name":"Science policy","score":0.41348108649253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.39494070410728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.34951692819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2018665373325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.1928480565547943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11152994632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06226837635040283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.8036233186721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309823","display_name":"Open science","level":2,"score":0.47254061698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780328347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904708","display_name":"Science policy","level":2,"score":0.41348108649253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39494070410728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.34951692819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2018665373325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.1928480565547943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11152994632720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06226837635040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13030030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05197746v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-05197746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications, 2025, 13 (3), pp.30. &#x27E8;10.3390/publications13030030&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f7f819900e34caca3262d53d628507e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f7f819900e34caca3262d53d628507e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publications, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/publications13030030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13030030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738007992","display_name":"Publications","issn_l":"2304-6775","issn":["2304-6775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1669432624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-24-RESO-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G273247249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202406360084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4478286605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-24-RESO-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4900351217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202406360084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084127912","https://openalex.org/W2120932244","https://openalex.org/W2331080934","https://openalex.org/W2390332409","https://openalex.org/W2435797251","https://openalex.org/W2521310392","https://openalex.org/W2808212462","https://openalex.org/W2828520466","https://openalex.org/W2895447570","https://openalex.org/W2994890174","https://openalex.org/W3047273847","https://openalex.org/W3113738452","https://openalex.org/W3171995498","https://openalex.org/W3196505845","https://openalex.org/W4205159034","https://openalex.org/W4220821928","https://openalex.org/W4223976256","https://openalex.org/W4226109998","https://openalex.org/W4281630983","https://openalex.org/W4282947146","https://openalex.org/W4307500010","https://openalex.org/W4313047257","https://openalex.org/W4323066390","https://openalex.org/W4361012827","https://openalex.org/W4362638655","https://openalex.org/W4366815816","https://openalex.org/W4377096125","https://openalex.org/W4387381118","https://openalex.org/W4394868678","https://openalex.org/W4407209761","https://openalex.org/W4407940083","https://openalex.org/W6809936958","https://openalex.org/W6848631286","https://openalex.org/W6851864184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2350270224","https://openalex.org/W2994890174","https://openalex.org/W2952112434","https://openalex.org/W2515291001","https://openalex.org/W4319159496","https://openalex.org/W2793767464","https://openalex.org/W2901802964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,37,132,144],"architecture":[4],"and":[5,55,76,94,124],"institutional":[6,140],"distribution":[7],"of":[8,21,43,67,85,105,139,147],"policy":[9,23,27,61,149,183],"tools":[10,87,98,112,158,170],"supporting":[11],"open":[12,128,196],"science":[13,197],"(OS)":[14],"in":[15,91],"China.":[16],"Based":[17],"on":[18],"a":[19,47,82,136,165,193],"corpus":[20],"199":[22],"documents":[24],"comprising":[25],"25,885":[26],"statements,":[28],"we":[29,134],"apply":[30],"an":[31],"AI-assisted":[32],"classification":[33],"to":[34],"analyze":[35],"how":[36],"Chinese":[38],"government":[39],"mobilizes":[40],"different":[41],"types":[42],"tools.":[44,78],"Using":[45],"Qwen-plus,":[46],"large":[48],"language":[49],"model":[50],"developed":[51],"by":[52],"Alibaba":[53],"Cloud":[54],"fine-tuned":[56],"for":[57,127],"OS-related":[58],"content,":[59],"each":[60,148],"statement":[62],"is":[63],"categorized":[64],"into":[65],"one":[66],"fifteen":[68],"subcategories":[69],"under":[70],"three":[71],"main":[72],"types:":[73],"supply-oriented,":[74],"environment-oriented,":[75],"demand-oriented":[77],"Our":[79],"findings":[80],"reveal":[81],"strong":[83],"dominance":[84],"supply-oriented":[86,157],"(63%),":[88],"especially":[89],"investments":[90],"infrastructure,":[92],"education,":[93],"public":[95],"services.":[96],"Demand-oriented":[97],"remain":[99],"marginal":[100],"(11%),":[101],"with":[102],"little":[103],"use":[104],"economic":[106],"incentives":[107],"or":[108],"regulatory":[109],"obligations.":[110],"Environment-oriented":[111],"show":[113,155],"more":[114,194],"balance":[115],"but":[116],"still":[117],"underrepresent":[118],"key":[119],"components":[120],"like":[121],"incentive":[122],"systems":[123],"legal":[125],"mandates":[126],"access.":[129],"To":[130],"deepen":[131],"analysis,":[133],"introduce":[135],"normalized":[137],"indicator":[138],"focus,":[141],"which":[142],"captures":[143],"relative":[145],"emphasis":[146],"type":[150],"across":[151],"administrative":[152],"levels.":[153],"Results":[154],"that":[156],"are":[159,171],"concentrated":[160],"at":[161,173],"top-level":[162],"institutions,":[163],"reflecting":[164],"top-down":[166],"governance":[167],"model.":[168],"Demand":[169],"localized":[172],"lower":[174],"levels,":[175],"highlighting":[176],"limited":[177],"strategic":[178],"commitment.":[179],"Overall,":[180],"China\u2019s":[181],"OS":[182],"mix":[184],"prioritizes":[185],"infrastructure":[186],"over":[187],"incentives,":[188],"limiting":[189],"systemic":[190],"transformation":[191],"toward":[192],"sustainable":[195],"ecosystem.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
