{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406231948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network5010002","title":"GreenNav: Spatiotemporal Prediction of CO2 Emissions in Paris Road Traffic Using a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model","display_name":"GreenNav: Spatiotemporal Prediction of CO2 Emissions in Paris Road Traffic Using a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406231948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network5010002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network5010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network5010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/5/1/2/pdf?version=1736476914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/5/1/2/pdf?version=1736476914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086988134","display_name":"Youssef Mekouar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48825208","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 8","ror":"https://ror.org/04wez5e68","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48825208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["FR","MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Mekouar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling, and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez 30 000, Morocco","Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris 8 University of Paris, Vincennes-Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling, and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez 30 000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris 8 University of Paris, Vincennes-Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001321041","display_name":"Imad Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48825208","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 8","ror":"https://ror.org/04wez5e68","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imad Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris 8 University of Paris, Vincennes-Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris 8 University of Paris, Vincennes-Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48825208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031032689","display_name":"Mohammed Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2566-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling, and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez 30 000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, ESISA ANALYTICA Laboratory (LEA), School of Engineering in Applied Sciences (ESISA), Fez 30 050, Morocco","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling, and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez 30 000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001321041","https://openalex.org/A5086988134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48825208","https://openalex.org/I81605866"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"fwci":2.4756,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88084204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5707862973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-traffic","display_name":"Road traffic","score":0.4350772202014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4288114309310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4136536419391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3865399956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.24248790740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1921575963497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10608619451522827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5707862973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985695025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4323994","display_name":"Road traffic","level":2,"score":0.4350772202014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4288114309310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4136536419391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3865399956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.24248790740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1921575963497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10608619451522827}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/network5010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network5010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/5/1/2/pdf?version=1736476914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05636733v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05636733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MDPI","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f409027e8844cadbc44310eaf4f5f04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f409027e8844cadbc44310eaf4f5f04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Network, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network5010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network5010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/5/1/2/pdf?version=1736476914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406231948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406231948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W2012496820","https://openalex.org/W2044938953","https://openalex.org/W2069640186","https://openalex.org/W2076229118","https://openalex.org/W2085618415","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2512083134","https://openalex.org/W2689115165","https://openalex.org/W2742272031","https://openalex.org/W3012957873","https://openalex.org/W3036873236","https://openalex.org/W3112390771","https://openalex.org/W3168441630","https://openalex.org/W4200155574","https://openalex.org/W4206922034","https://openalex.org/W4213424193","https://openalex.org/W4303856695","https://openalex.org/W4309462879","https://openalex.org/W4327781401","https://openalex.org/W4379054032","https://openalex.org/W4381957053","https://openalex.org/W4387709413","https://openalex.org/W4391707632","https://openalex.org/W4391895466","https://openalex.org/W4399449113","https://openalex.org/W4401371014","https://openalex.org/W6862118936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,54],"a":[1,17,40,61],"global":[2],"context":[3,184],"where":[4],"reducing":[5],"the":[6,103,115,132,166,176,183],"carbon":[7],"footprint":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"an":[11,68,144,150],"urgent":[12],"necessity,":[13],"this":[14,90],"article":[15,91],"presents":[16],"hybrid":[18,35,121,140,172],"CNN-LSTM":[19,110,141,173],"prediction":[20,36,161],"model":[21,37,142],"to":[22,63,70,93,101,113,130],"estimate":[23],"CO2":[24,158,180],"emission":[25,159],"rates":[26],"of":[27,119,147,152,170,179,185],"Paris":[28],"road":[29,42,186],"traffic":[30,43],"using":[31,171],"spatio-temporal":[32,177],"data.":[33],"Our":[34],"relies":[38],"on":[39],"real-time":[41],"database":[44],"that":[45,138],"we":[46,56,78,123],"built":[47],"by":[48],"fusing":[49],"several":[50],"APIs":[51],"and":[52,67,82,97,106,149,168],"datasets.":[53],"particular,":[55],"trained":[57],"two":[58],"specialized":[59],"models:":[60],"CNN":[62],"extract":[64],"spatial":[65,81],"patterns":[66],"LSTM":[69],"capture":[71],"temporal":[72,83],"dynamics.":[73],"By":[74],"merging":[75],"their":[76],"outputs,":[77],"leverage":[79],"both":[80],"dependencies,":[84],"ensuring":[85],"more":[86],"accurate":[87],"predictions.":[88],"Thus,":[89],"aims":[92],"compare":[94],"various":[95],"strategies":[96],"configurations,":[98],"allowing":[99],"us":[100],"identify":[102],"optimal":[104],"architecture":[105],"parameters":[107],"for":[108,175],"our":[109,120,139],"model.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"refine":[114],"predictive":[116],"learning":[117,133],"evolution":[118],"model,":[122],"used":[124],"optimization":[125],"techniques":[126],"like":[127],"gradient":[128],"descent":[129],"monitor":[131],"progress.":[134],"The":[135],"results":[136,164],"show":[137],"achieved":[143],"R2":[145],"value":[146],"0.91":[148],"RMSE":[151],"0.086,":[153],"outperforming":[154],"conventional":[155],"models":[156,174],"regarding":[157],"rate":[160],"accuracy.":[162],"These":[163],"validate":[165],"efficiency":[167],"relevance":[169],"modelling":[178],"emissions":[181],"in":[182],"traffic.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}