{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216156277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","title":"Measurement and Analysis of RSS Using Bluetooth Mesh Network for Localization Applications","display_name":"Measurement and Analysis of RSS Using Bluetooth Mesh Network for Localization Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216156277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","mag":"3216156277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1030018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/3/18/pdf?version=1638430338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/3/18/pdf?version=1638430338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051407732","display_name":"Yuan Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072444830","display_name":"Harsha Kandula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha Kandula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724565","display_name":"Xinrong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinrong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-243X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310470, Denton, TX 76203, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100724565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"fwci":0.4018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57214561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"315","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.9118600487709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.8076941967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6911762356758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6182626485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5447148084640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5022778511047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47222140431404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.47169044613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.4692806005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesh-networking","display_name":"Mesh networking","score":0.45707377791404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41236770153045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3658845126628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.2615152597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19073623418807983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.9118600487709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.8076941967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6911762356758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6182626485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5447148084640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5022778511047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47222140431404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47169044613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.4692806005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123691950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25552104","display_name":"Mesh networking","level":3,"score":0.45707377791404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41236770153045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3658845126628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2615152597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19073623418807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1030018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/3/18/pdf?version=1638430338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab283f2fb7de47809b4bbcb6e448070c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab283f2fb7de47809b4bbcb6e448070c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Network, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 315-334 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2673-8732/1/3/18/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Network; Volume 1; Issue 3; Pages: 315-334","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1030018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1030018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/3/18/pdf?version=1638430338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310911","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216156277.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216156277.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1947739287","https://openalex.org/W2043355166","https://openalex.org/W2062742351","https://openalex.org/W2101417447","https://openalex.org/W2105738738","https://openalex.org/W2108422006","https://openalex.org/W2120048446","https://openalex.org/W2122915435","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2306156530","https://openalex.org/W2770715484","https://openalex.org/W2779673798","https://openalex.org/W2781500483","https://openalex.org/W2838459345","https://openalex.org/W2968250721","https://openalex.org/W3008604130","https://openalex.org/W3008702594","https://openalex.org/W3010674577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W426968574","https://openalex.org/W1494219131","https://openalex.org/W3183712563","https://openalex.org/W2379915869","https://openalex.org/W1671790344","https://openalex.org/W3118853776","https://openalex.org/W3013606366","https://openalex.org/W3036095028","https://openalex.org/W2598371195","https://openalex.org/W4309639925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bluetooth":[0,58,190],"low":[1],"energy":[2],"(BLE)-based":[3],"location":[4,30],"service":[5],"technology":[6],"has":[7],"become":[8],"one":[9],"of":[10,65],"the":[11,57,67,116,137,140,152,158,161,168,178,188],"fastest":[12],"growing":[13],"applications":[14],"for":[15,27],"Bluetooth.":[16],"Received":[17],"signal":[18],"strength":[19],"(RSS)":[20],"is":[21,63,164],"often":[22],"used":[23],"in":[24,39,73,122,160],"localization":[25,34,154],"techniques":[26],"ranging":[28],"or":[29],"fingerprinting.":[31],"However,":[32],"RSS-based":[33,153],"solutions":[35],"have":[36],"poor":[37],"performance":[38,150],"multipath":[40],"environments.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,81,101,112],"present":[46],"a":[47,84,105,127],"measurement":[48,98],"system":[49],"designed":[50,83],"using":[51,182],"multiple":[52],"ESP32":[53],"BLE":[54,185],"modules":[55],"and":[56,70,99,108,142,145,187],"mesh":[59,191],"networking":[60,192],"technology,":[61],"which":[62],"capable":[64],"exploiting":[66],"space,":[68],"time,":[69],"frequency":[71],"diversities":[72],"measurements.":[74],"To":[75],"enable":[76],"channel-aware":[77],"multi-device":[78],"RSS":[79,134],"measurements,":[80],"also":[82],"communication":[85],"protocol":[86,193],"to":[87,92,130,136,147,175],"associate":[88],"channel":[89,97],"ID":[90],"information":[91],"advertising":[93,170],"messages.":[94],"Based":[95],"on":[96],"analysis,":[100],"demonstrate":[102],"that":[103],"with":[104,151],"six-receiver":[106,180],"configuration":[107,181],"space-time-frequency":[109],"diversity":[110],"combining,":[111],"can":[113],"significantly":[114],"reduce":[115],"residual":[117],"linear":[118],"regression":[119],"fitting":[120,162],"errors":[121,163],"path":[123],"loss":[124],"models.":[125],"Such":[126],"reduction":[128,159],"leads":[129],"more":[131],"accurately":[132],"correlating":[133],"measurements":[135],"distance":[138],"between":[139],"transmitter":[141],"receiver":[143],"devices":[144,186],"thus":[146],"achieving":[148],"improved":[149],"techniques.":[155],"More":[156],"importantly,":[157],"achieved":[165],"without":[166],"differentiating":[167],"three":[169],"channels,":[171],"making":[172],"it":[173],"possible":[174],"conveniently":[176],"implement":[177],"proposed":[179],"commercially":[183],"available":[184],"standard":[189],"stack.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}