{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3192853820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","title":"Communication Network Standards for Smart Grid Infrastructures","display_name":"Communication Network Standards for Smart Grid Infrastructures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3192853820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","mag":"3192853820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1020009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/9/pdf?version=1628069512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/9/pdf?version=1628069512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064140827","display_name":"Konstantinos Demertzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Demertzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Kavala Campus, International Hellenic University, 65404 St. Loukas, Greece","Faculty of Mathematics Programming and General Courses, School of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Kimmeria, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-5228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Kavala Campus, International Hellenic University, 65404 St. Loukas, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics Programming and General Courses, School of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Kimmeria, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064176518","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-1285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Tsiknas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087282559","display_name":"Dimitrios Taketzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-4072"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Taketzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hellenic National Defense General Staff, Stratopedo Papagou, Mesogeion 227-231, 15561 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-4072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hellenic National Defense General Staff, Stratopedo Papagou, Mesogeion 227-231, 15561 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005848885","display_name":"Dimitrios N. Skoutas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios N. Skoutas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, 83200 Karlovassi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, 83200 Karlovassi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110370951","display_name":"Charalabos Skianis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charalabos Skianis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, 83200 Karlovassi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, 83200 Karlovassi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013635993","display_name":"Lazaros Iliadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazaros Iliadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics Programming and General Courses, School of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Kimmeria, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics Programming and General Courses, School of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Kimmeria, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061916035","display_name":"Kyriakos E. Zoiros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-267X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyriakos E. Zoiros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064140827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203","https://openalex.org/I183898223"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":3.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9195959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6986238956451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6245645880699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6137509942054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.536891520023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4598378539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.41210174560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.4007630944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34612375497817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2325703203678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1623375117778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6986238956451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6245645880699158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6137509942054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.536891520023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4598378539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.41210174560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4007630944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34612375497817993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2325703203678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1623375117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1020009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/9/pdf?version=1628069512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2673-8732/1/2/9/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Network; Volume 1; Issue 2; Pages: 132-145","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/network1020009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/network1020009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/9/pdf?version=1628069512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214347","display_name":"Network","issn_l":"2673-8732","issn":["2673-8732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192853820.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539908937","https://openalex.org/W1549015225","https://openalex.org/W1621386355","https://openalex.org/W1661159983","https://openalex.org/W1965399158","https://openalex.org/W2000140540","https://openalex.org/W2025530241","https://openalex.org/W2028996838","https://openalex.org/W2036752247","https://openalex.org/W2038522469","https://openalex.org/W2043121542","https://openalex.org/W2052247418","https://openalex.org/W2058857941","https://openalex.org/W2090898998","https://openalex.org/W2092697271","https://openalex.org/W2140396831","https://openalex.org/W2143175834","https://openalex.org/W2144037726","https://openalex.org/W2152485574","https://openalex.org/W2156232678","https://openalex.org/W2156642529","https://openalex.org/W2158762984","https://openalex.org/W2288689490","https://openalex.org/W2322439062","https://openalex.org/W2464603179","https://openalex.org/W2511031792","https://openalex.org/W2529426376","https://openalex.org/W2538812311","https://openalex.org/W2544029190","https://openalex.org/W2589711181","https://openalex.org/W2591337085","https://openalex.org/W2602771137","https://openalex.org/W2610072730","https://openalex.org/W2610347155","https://openalex.org/W2616786996","https://openalex.org/W2621043410","https://openalex.org/W2659137418","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2751256511","https://openalex.org/W2778068520","https://openalex.org/W2783159974","https://openalex.org/W2787686699","https://openalex.org/W2805672359","https://openalex.org/W2809386643","https://openalex.org/W2809887332","https://openalex.org/W2809894131","https://openalex.org/W2873682754","https://openalex.org/W2901957605","https://openalex.org/W2903285294","https://openalex.org/W2907802121","https://openalex.org/W2911886495","https://openalex.org/W2911981000","https://openalex.org/W2920065185","https://openalex.org/W2945625898","https://openalex.org/W2965997200","https://openalex.org/W2982500638","https://openalex.org/W2987748093","https://openalex.org/W2996478484","https://openalex.org/W3006666605","https://openalex.org/W3013304224","https://openalex.org/W3044251871","https://openalex.org/W3048130762","https://openalex.org/W3057898108","https://openalex.org/W3082814606","https://openalex.org/W3093592533","https://openalex.org/W3101325843","https://openalex.org/W3109631839","https://openalex.org/W3129061468","https://openalex.org/W3130146167","https://openalex.org/W3132894906","https://openalex.org/W3136547755","https://openalex.org/W3166225635","https://openalex.org/W6632447013","https://openalex.org/W6638176936","https://openalex.org/W6672937951","https://openalex.org/W6682416845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2105573916","https://openalex.org/W2378405797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Upgrading":[0],"the":[1,12,20,27,37,40,50,60,67,78,82,93,102,118,140,158],"existing":[2],"energy":[3,133],"infrastructure":[4],"to":[5,46,59,117],"a":[6,86,123],"smart":[7,132,149],"grid":[8],"necessarily":[9],"goes":[10],"through":[11],"provision":[13],"of":[14,22,29,31,39,52,62,69,81,104,122,131,160],"integrated":[15,79],"technological":[16],"solutions":[17],"that":[18,130,144],"ensure":[19,92],"interoperability":[21],"business":[23],"processes":[24],"and":[25,43,66,71,75,125,138,151,162],"reduce":[26],"risk":[28],"devaluation":[30],"systems":[32],"already":[33],"in":[34,44,157],"use.":[35],"Considering":[36],"heterogeneity":[38],"current":[41],"infrastructures,":[42],"order":[45],"keep":[47],"pace":[48],"with":[49,101],"dynamics":[51],"their":[53,63],"operating":[54],"environment,":[55],"we":[56],"should":[57,91,152],"aim":[58],"reduction":[61],"architectural":[64],"complexity":[65],"addition":[68],"new":[70,164],"more":[72],"efficient":[73],"technologies":[74],"procedures.":[76],"Furthermore,":[77],"management":[80],"overall":[83],"ecosystem":[84],"requires":[85],"collaborative":[87],"integration":[88],"strategy":[89],"which":[90],"end-to-end":[94],"interconnection":[95],"under":[96],"specific":[97],"quality":[98],"standards":[99,143],"together":[100],"establishment":[103],"strict":[105],"security":[106],"policies.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"respect,":[110],"every":[111],"design":[112],"detail":[113],"can":[114],"be":[115,153],"critical":[116],"success":[119],"or":[120],"failure":[121],"costly":[124],"ambitious":[126],"project,":[127],"such":[128],"as":[129],"networks.":[134],"This":[135],"work":[136],"presents":[137],"classifies":[139],"communication":[141],"network":[142],"have":[145],"been":[146],"established":[147],"for":[148],"grids":[150],"taken":[154],"into":[155],"account":[156],"process":[159],"planning":[161],"implementing":[163],"infrastructures.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}