{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411285407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060061","title":"Gaze\u2013Hand Steering for Travel and Multitasking in Virtual Environments","display_name":"Gaze\u2013Hand Steering for Travel and Multitasking in Virtual Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411285407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti9060061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/9/6/61/pdf?version=1749800010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/9/6/61/pdf?version=1749800010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117186469","display_name":"Mona Zavichi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2323-9690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Zavichi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2323-9690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027961103","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 L. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-7413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017217950","display_name":"Catarina Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catarina Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-5163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029725483","display_name":"Anderson Maciel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0780-6555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Maciel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0780-6555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059140450","display_name":"Joaquim Jorge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joaquim Jorge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-4637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa (INESC-ID), Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059140450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I203847022"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.6579,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88998156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"61","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-multitasking","display_name":"Human multitasking","score":0.8357076644897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8332059979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.510506272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5020341873168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3870061933994293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.375755250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3302106261253357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107418235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520565","display_name":"Human multitasking","level":2,"score":0.8357076644897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8332059979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.510506272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5020341873168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3870061933994293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.375755250453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3302106261253357}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti9060061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/9/6/61/pdf?version=1749800010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e31376805c94a709b42b065ec008324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e31376805c94a709b42b065ec008324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 9, Iss 6, p 61 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti9060061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/9/6/61/pdf?version=1749800010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411285407.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411285407.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586856071","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2006543711","https://openalex.org/W2109714415","https://openalex.org/W2157107379","https://openalex.org/W2159990547","https://openalex.org/W2160951686","https://openalex.org/W2169294782","https://openalex.org/W2437759385","https://openalex.org/W2500741616","https://openalex.org/W2595448818","https://openalex.org/W2611071407","https://openalex.org/W2761106713","https://openalex.org/W2922172497","https://openalex.org/W3114895453","https://openalex.org/W3195239668","https://openalex.org/W4233157997","https://openalex.org/W4280572666","https://openalex.org/W4366590838","https://openalex.org/W4387446214","https://openalex.org/W4396832400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388263628","https://openalex.org/W4242930893","https://openalex.org/W3140336604","https://openalex.org/W2488058330","https://openalex.org/W1988895983","https://openalex.org/W4237084280","https://openalex.org/W2886487614","https://openalex.org/W4242426637","https://openalex.org/W2385108104","https://openalex.org/W4399144619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"head-mounted":[1],"displays":[2],"(HMDs)":[3],"with":[4,47,56],"eye":[5,45],"tracking":[6,46],"become":[7],"increasingly":[8],"accessible,":[9],"the":[10],"need":[11],"for":[12],"effective":[13],"gaze-based":[14],"interfaces":[15],"in":[16,83,123,138],"virtual":[17],"reality":[18],"(VR)":[19],"grows.":[20],"Traditional":[21],"gaze-":[22],"or":[23,30,74],"hand-based":[24],"navigation":[25,137],"often":[26],"limits":[27],"user":[28,85,110],"precision":[29,128],"impairs":[31],"free":[32,65],"viewing,":[33],"making":[34],"multitasking":[35,91],"difficult.":[36],"We":[37,79],"present":[38],"a":[39,57,72,75,84,98],"gaze\u2013hand":[40,104,121],"steering":[41,105,122],"technique":[42],"that":[43,103],"combines":[44],"hand":[48],"pointing:":[49],"users":[50],"steer":[51],"only":[52],"when":[53],"gaze":[54],"aligns":[55],"hand-defined":[58],"target,":[59],"reducing":[60],"unintended":[61],"actions":[62],"and":[63,92,108,112,129,144],"enabling":[64],"look.":[66],"Speed":[67],"is":[68],"controlled":[69],"via":[70],"either":[71],"joystick":[73],"waist-level":[76],"speed":[77],"circle.":[78],"evaluated":[80],"our":[81],"method":[82,133],"study":[86],"(n":[87],"=":[88],"20)":[89],"across":[90],"single-task":[93],"scenarios,":[94],"comparing":[95],"it":[96],"to":[97],"similar":[99],"technique.":[100],"Results":[101],"show":[102],"maintains":[106],"performance":[107],"enhances":[109],"comfort":[111],"spatial":[113],"awareness":[114],"during":[115],"multitasking.":[116],"Our":[117,132],"findings":[118],"support":[119],"using":[120],"gaze-dominant":[124],"VR":[125,136],"applications":[126],"requiring":[127],"simultaneous":[130],"interaction.":[131],"significantly":[134],"improves":[135],"gaze\u2013dominant,":[139],"multitasking-intensive":[140],"applications,":[141],"supporting":[142],"immersion":[143],"efficient":[145],"control.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
