{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395011996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040035","title":"How New Developers Approach Augmented Reality Development Using Simplified Creation Tools: An Observational Study","display_name":"How New Developers Approach Augmented Reality Development Using Simplified Creation Tools: An Observational Study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395011996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti8040035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/4/35/pdf?version=1713775928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/4/35/pdf?version=1713775928","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010770441","display_name":"Narges Ashtari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Narges Ashtari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada","School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-5775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051092148","display_name":"Parmit K. Chilana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0173-1752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parmit K. Chilana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada","School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0173-1752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010770441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.4935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58136125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"35","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.7536301612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6476173400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49443864822387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4317280948162079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42478710412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.32614171504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2685062885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14965704083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11041882634162903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7536301612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6476173400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49443864822387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4317280948162079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42478710412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.32614171504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2685062885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14965704083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11041882634162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti8040035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/4/35/pdf?version=1713775928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b95f1a2637314423941a924c79048828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b95f1a2637314423941a924c79048828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 35 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti8040035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/8/4/35/pdf?version=1713775928","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395011996.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975911483","https://openalex.org/W1982001334","https://openalex.org/W1982508554","https://openalex.org/W1984565341","https://openalex.org/W1986202461","https://openalex.org/W1991613282","https://openalex.org/W2006291142","https://openalex.org/W2008107570","https://openalex.org/W2010032749","https://openalex.org/W2022916138","https://openalex.org/W2030144199","https://openalex.org/W2031289572","https://openalex.org/W2043403353","https://openalex.org/W2044049174","https://openalex.org/W2061585524","https://openalex.org/W2080395944","https://openalex.org/W2097750323","https://openalex.org/W2100894766","https://openalex.org/W2110325612","https://openalex.org/W2116894194","https://openalex.org/W2117852815","https://openalex.org/W2122353533","https://openalex.org/W2122401044","https://openalex.org/W2124591829","https://openalex.org/W2128792338","https://openalex.org/W2130344546","https://openalex.org/W2138253426","https://openalex.org/W2138439798","https://openalex.org/W2139361863","https://openalex.org/W2139374478","https://openalex.org/W2141722816","https://openalex.org/W2144651866","https://openalex.org/W2146889309","https://openalex.org/W2148357053","https://openalex.org/W2155005209","https://openalex.org/W2155940480","https://openalex.org/W2171622347","https://openalex.org/W2185250417","https://openalex.org/W2592537823","https://openalex.org/W2796156077","https://openalex.org/W2796294902","https://openalex.org/W2941270448","https://openalex.org/W2943535317","https://openalex.org/W2977846005","https://openalex.org/W3029006481","https://openalex.org/W3030161855","https://openalex.org/W3123221944","https://openalex.org/W3132167146","https://openalex.org/W3162262138","https://openalex.org/W4225108562","https://openalex.org/W4225120919","https://openalex.org/W4297156394","https://openalex.org/W4362659486","https://openalex.org/W4365601419","https://openalex.org/W6653528072","https://openalex.org/W6816060287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W2355696739","https://openalex.org/W3158001554","https://openalex.org/W2771909920","https://openalex.org/W2957704286","https://openalex.org/W2028936041","https://openalex.org/W1990434954","https://openalex.org/W2116558157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"developers":[1,41,60,96,148],"new":[2],"to":[3,31,46,61,87,111,128,177],"creating":[4],"Augmented":[5],"Reality":[6],"(AR)":[7],"experiences":[8],"often":[9,97],"gravitate":[10],"towards":[11],"simplified":[12,73],"development":[13,50,74,158],"environments,":[14,135],"such":[15,24],"as":[16,25],"3D":[17,134],"game":[18,22],"engines.":[19],"While":[20],"popular":[21],"engines":[23],"Unity":[26],"and":[27,35,81,122,137,149,174,184],"Unreal":[28],"have":[29],"evolved":[30],"offer":[32],"extensive":[33],"support":[34,185],"functionalities":[36],"for":[37,101],"AR":[38,68,116,147],"creation,":[39],"many":[40],"still":[42],"find":[43],"it":[44],"difficult":[45],"realize":[47],"their":[48,83],"immersive":[49],"projects.":[51],"We":[52,93,165],"ran":[53],"an":[54],"observational":[55],"study":[56],"with":[57,133],"12":[58],"software":[59],"assess":[62],"how":[63,82],"they":[64,79],"approach":[65],"the":[66,76,88,115,142,167],"initial":[67],"creation":[69],"processes":[70],"using":[71],"a":[72,129],"framework,":[75],"information":[77],"resources":[78],"seek,":[80],"learning":[84,175],"experience":[85],"compares":[86],"more":[89,171],"mainstream":[90,157],"2D":[91],"development.":[92],"observed":[94],"that":[95,151],"started":[98],"by":[99],"looking":[100],"code":[102,153],"examples":[103],"rather":[104],"than":[105],"breaking":[106],"down":[107],"complex":[108],"problems,":[109],"leading":[110],"challenges":[112],"in":[113,156,163,180],"visualizing":[114],"experience.":[117],"They":[118],"encountered":[119],"vocabulary":[120],"issues":[121],"found":[123],"trial-and-error":[124],"methods":[125,176],"ineffective":[126],"due":[127],"lack":[130],"of":[131,145,169],"familiarity":[132],"physics,":[136],"motion.":[138],"These":[139],"observations":[140],"highlight":[141],"distinct":[143],"needs":[144],"emerging":[146],"suggest":[150],"conventional":[152],"reuse":[154],"strategies":[155],"may":[159],"be":[160],"less":[161],"effective":[162],"AR.":[164],"discuss":[166],"importance":[168],"developing":[170,181],"intuitive":[172],"training":[173],"foster":[178],"diversity":[179],"interactive":[182],"systems":[183],"self-taught":[186],"learners.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}