{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382456828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065","title":"Towards Universal Industrial Augmented Reality: Implementing a Modular IAR System to Support Assembly Processes","display_name":"Towards Universal Industrial Augmented Reality: Implementing a Modular IAR System to Support Assembly Processes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382456828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti7070065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/7/7/65/pdf?version=1687850799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/7/7/65/pdf?version=1687850799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073109725","display_name":"Detlef Gerhard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Gerhard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011983437","display_name":"Matthias Neges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-3620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Neges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-3620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004193590","display_name":"Jan Luca Siewert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Luca Siewert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003537450","display_name":"Mario Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-7570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Engineering Chair, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004193590","https://openalex.org/A5073109725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.3766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5382248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"7","first_page":"65","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7943329215049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6978374123573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6467071175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6380009055137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5205498933792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4867393970489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.4368463158607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4177379012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4138606786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4123706817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35098862648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1973353624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11195087432861328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7943329215049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6978374123573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6467071175575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6380009055137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5205498933792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4867393970489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.4368463158607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4177379012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4138606786727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4123706817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35098862648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1973353624343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11195087432861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti7070065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/7/7/65/pdf?version=1687850799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f7f3b9fff5b4e8fa071ca44a9a2a851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f7f3b9fff5b4e8fa071ca44a9a2a851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 7, Iss 7, p 65 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2414-4088/7/7/65/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction; Volume 7; Issue 7; Pages: 65","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti7070065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7070065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/7/7/65/pdf?version=1687850799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382456828.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482245824","https://openalex.org/W1606475303","https://openalex.org/W1965556948","https://openalex.org/W1973044840","https://openalex.org/W1984505633","https://openalex.org/W2023133979","https://openalex.org/W2098365978","https://openalex.org/W2105321265","https://openalex.org/W2122122381","https://openalex.org/W2135367550","https://openalex.org/W2148539830","https://openalex.org/W2234485030","https://openalex.org/W2277657634","https://openalex.org/W2294090235","https://openalex.org/W2318157384","https://openalex.org/W2485621775","https://openalex.org/W2502468832","https://openalex.org/W2556512662","https://openalex.org/W2576390101","https://openalex.org/W2669785090","https://openalex.org/W2735210942","https://openalex.org/W2750877417","https://openalex.org/W2793075310","https://openalex.org/W2806012455","https://openalex.org/W2810965272","https://openalex.org/W2894314083","https://openalex.org/W2915779112","https://openalex.org/W2964481574","https://openalex.org/W2977949782","https://openalex.org/W2984042658","https://openalex.org/W3003386757","https://openalex.org/W3003905156","https://openalex.org/W3008220382","https://openalex.org/W3011105399","https://openalex.org/W3014699476","https://openalex.org/W3015495516","https://openalex.org/W3030845489","https://openalex.org/W3047733167","https://openalex.org/W3054847179","https://openalex.org/W3082032842","https://openalex.org/W3090794067","https://openalex.org/W3092052909","https://openalex.org/W3160976423","https://openalex.org/W3199858167","https://openalex.org/W4205618481","https://openalex.org/W4221045795","https://openalex.org/W4225486485","https://openalex.org/W4281623094","https://openalex.org/W4285149636","https://openalex.org/W4312871156","https://openalex.org/W4318618475","https://openalex.org/W4322746780","https://openalex.org/W4323058197","https://openalex.org/W6696972285","https://openalex.org/W6780218768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2066741154","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2358308169","https://openalex.org/W2385135707","https://openalex.org/W2140315382","https://openalex.org/W2059109728","https://openalex.org/W2082556335","https://openalex.org/W322691623","https://openalex.org/W2494989134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Industrial":[1],"Augmented":[2],"Reality":[3],"(IAR)":[4],"has":[5],"many":[6],"applications":[7,15,156],"across":[8],"the":[9,47,82,110,116,119],"whole":[10],"product":[11],"lifecycle,":[12],"most":[13,114],"IAR":[14,33,41,126,146],"today":[16],"are":[17,50,64,105],"custom-built":[18],"for":[19,53,60,147],"specific":[20,149],"use-cases":[21,150],"in":[22,101],"practice.":[23],"This":[24,125],"contribution":[25,85],"builds":[26],"upon":[27],"a":[28,38,75,95],"scoping":[29],"literature":[30],"review":[31],"of":[32,46,69,109,115],"data":[34,61],"representations":[35],"to":[36,122,144],"present":[37],"modern,":[39],"modular":[40],"architecture.":[42],"The":[43],"individual":[44,120],"modules":[45,132],"presented":[48],"approach":[49],"either":[51],"responsible":[52],"user":[54,57],"interface":[55],"and":[56,67,98],"interaction":[58],"or":[59],"processing.":[62],"They":[63],"use-case":[65],"neutral":[66],"independent":[68],"each":[70],"other,":[71],"while":[72],"communicating":[73],"through":[74],"strictly":[76],"separated":[77,131],"application":[78],"layer.":[79],"To":[80],"demonstrate":[81],"architecture,":[83,112,127],"this":[84],"presents":[86],"an":[87],"assembly":[88],"process":[89],"that":[90],"is":[91],"supported":[92],"once":[93,99],"with":[94,133,140],"pick-to-light":[96],"system":[97],"using":[100],"situ":[102],"projections.":[103],"Both":[104],"implemented":[106],"on":[107,118,129],"top":[108],"novel":[111],"allowing":[113],"work":[117],"models":[121],"be":[123],"reused.":[124],"based":[128],"clearly":[130],"defined":[134],"interfaces,":[135],"particularly":[136],"allows":[137],"small":[138],"companies":[139],"limited":[141],"personnel":[142],"resources":[143],"adapt":[145],"their":[148],"more":[151],"easily":[152],"than":[153],"developing":[154],"single-use":[155],"from":[157],"scratch.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2023-06-29T00:00:00"}