{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143042382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","title":"Rear-Seat Productivity in Virtual Reality: Investigating VR Interaction in the Confined Space of a Car","display_name":"Rear-Seat Productivity in Virtual Reality: Investigating VR Interaction in the Confined Space of a Car","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143042382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","mag":"3143042382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti5040015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/4/15/pdf?version=1617937080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/4/15/pdf?version=1617937080","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399434","display_name":"Jingyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-1855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3315-1855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071336724","display_name":"Ceenu George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceenu George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045410014","display_name":"Andrea Ngao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ngao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020048192","display_name":"Kai Holl\u00e4nder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Holl\u00e4nder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055370138","display_name":"Stefan Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121972","display_name":"Klinikum Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/035d65343","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121972"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Audi AG, 85045 Ingolstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Audi AG, 85045 Ingolstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121972"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063555642","display_name":"Andreas Butz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-9888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Butz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80337 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100399434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":4.7328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95533023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7735023498535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.6250367760658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6005688905715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5853423476219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.552959144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-space","display_name":"Virtual space","score":0.5104348063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5094411969184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.46796756982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4175606966018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2405288815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1828872561454773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7735023498535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6250367760658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6005688905715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5853423476219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.552959144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985021205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual space","level":2,"score":0.5104348063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5094411969184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.46796756982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4175606966018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2405288815498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1828872561454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti5040015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/4/15/pdf?version=1617937080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a3786bc8b184324abea0b9000c27bf8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a3786bc8b184324abea0b9000c27bf8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 5, Iss 4, p 15 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2414-4088/5/4/15/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction; Volume 5; Issue 4; Pages: 15","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti5040015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/4/15/pdf?version=1617937080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6965544474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201908080094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3143042382.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166057002","https://openalex.org/W1588695081","https://openalex.org/W1969245477","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2007199021","https://openalex.org/W2028086564","https://openalex.org/W2044667907","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2129758742","https://openalex.org/W2138669222","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2164740960","https://openalex.org/W2168881048","https://openalex.org/W2174960880","https://openalex.org/W2302018853","https://openalex.org/W2537893595","https://openalex.org/W2571810020","https://openalex.org/W2592057726","https://openalex.org/W2610505880","https://openalex.org/W2770761158","https://openalex.org/W2790531415","https://openalex.org/W2897017513","https://openalex.org/W2902802106","https://openalex.org/W2907512471","https://openalex.org/W2924653053","https://openalex.org/W2924969775","https://openalex.org/W2940642489","https://openalex.org/W2941360413","https://openalex.org/W2942839918","https://openalex.org/W2945933611","https://openalex.org/W2952387372","https://openalex.org/W2952606815","https://openalex.org/W2960243907","https://openalex.org/W2971256794","https://openalex.org/W2973351510","https://openalex.org/W2974285206","https://openalex.org/W2974307167","https://openalex.org/W2974589888","https://openalex.org/W2982032772","https://openalex.org/W2989400266","https://openalex.org/W2996683616","https://openalex.org/W3001775948","https://openalex.org/W3033351845","https://openalex.org/W3043710451","https://openalex.org/W3047368695","https://openalex.org/W3087343531","https://openalex.org/W3087768023","https://openalex.org/W3088774023","https://openalex.org/W3130123557","https://openalex.org/W6606738885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291261743","https://openalex.org/W1540119434","https://openalex.org/W4229598134","https://openalex.org/W2335262298","https://openalex.org/W2765982327","https://openalex.org/W2071657884","https://openalex.org/W4292074788","https://openalex.org/W3009035465","https://openalex.org/W3095182901","https://openalex.org/W2368832676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ubiquitous":[0],"technology":[1],"lets":[2],"us":[3],"work":[4,138],"in":[5,27,116],"flexible":[6],"and":[7,19,25,69,76,96,107,119,130,134,141,146],"decentralised":[8],"ways.":[9],"Passengers":[10],"can":[11],"already":[12],"use":[13],"travel":[14],"time":[15],"to":[16,62],"be":[17,50],"productive,":[18],"we":[20],"envision":[21],"even":[22],"better":[23],"performance":[24,95],"experience":[26],"vehicles":[28],"with":[29],"emerging":[30],"technologies,":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"virtual":[34,47,70,85,109,128],"reality":[35],"(VR)":[36],"headsets.":[37],"However,":[38],"the":[39,46,64,77,90],"confined":[40],"physical":[41,67],"space":[42,48],"constrains":[43],"interactions":[44],"while":[45,94],"may":[49],"conceptually":[51],"borderless.":[52],"We":[53,123],"therefore":[54],"conducted":[55],"a":[56,105,117],"VR":[57,150],"study":[58],"(N":[59],"=":[60],"33)":[61],"examine":[63],"influence":[65],"of":[66,79,148],"restraints":[68],"working":[71],"environments":[72],"on":[73],"performance,":[74],"presence,":[75],"feeling":[78],"safety.":[80],"Our":[81,137],"findings":[82],"show":[83],"that":[84],"borders":[86,129],"make":[87],"passengers":[88,103],"touch":[89],"car":[91],"interior":[92],"less,":[93],"presence":[97],"are":[98,113],"comparable":[99],"across":[100],"conditions.":[101],"Although":[102],"prefer":[104],"secluded":[106],"unlimited":[108],"environment":[110],"(nature),":[111],"they":[112],"more":[114],"productive":[115],"shared":[118],"limited":[120],"one":[121],"(office).":[122],"further":[124],"discuss":[125],"choices":[126],"for":[127,143],"environments,":[131],"social":[132],"experience,":[133],"safety":[135],"responsiveness.":[136],"highlights":[139],"opportunities":[140],"challenges":[142],"future":[144],"research":[145],"design":[147],"rear-seat":[149],"interaction.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}