{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954981003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","title":"A Review of Pneumatic Actuators Used for the Design of Medical Simulators and Medical Tools","display_name":"A Review of Pneumatic Actuators Used for the Design of Medical Simulators and Medical Tools","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954981003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","mag":"2954981003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti3030047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/3/3/47/pdf?version=1562061351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/3/3/47/pdf?version=1562061351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002594205","display_name":"Thibault S\u00e9nac","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145913","display_name":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbczw40","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thibault S\u00e9nac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068124929","display_name":"Arnaud Lelev\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-9072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145913","display_name":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbczw40","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud Lelev\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-9072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101501194","display_name":"Richard Moreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-5107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145913","display_name":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbczw40","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Moreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107398464","display_name":"Cyril Novales","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Novales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113980805","display_name":"Laurence Nouaille","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Nouaille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084059847","display_name":"Minh Tu Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-5899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145913","display_name":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbczw40","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh Tu Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Amp\u00e8re (UMR 5005), INSA Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69621 Lyon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107336582","display_name":"Pierre Vieyres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Vieyres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-6077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire PRISME (EA 4229), INSA-CVL, Univ Orl\u00e9ans, F-18020 Bourges, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068124929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I4210145913","https://openalex.org/I48430043"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.7741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69113871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"47","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.68221116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6669771671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumatic-actuator","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","score":0.6387534141540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5785256028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.5374224185943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinesthetic-learning","display_name":"Kinesthetic learning","score":0.5331197381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-simulation","display_name":"Medical simulation","score":0.5227539539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechatronics","display_name":"Mechatronics","score":0.48410308361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumatic-flow-control","display_name":"Pneumatic flow control","score":0.48334476351737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4543168246746063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30824413895606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.24356582760810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2356027066707611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.68221116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6669771671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170401851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965061","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","level":3,"score":0.6387534141540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5785256028175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.5374224185943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55457006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3647098","display_name":"Kinesthetic learning","level":2,"score":0.5331197381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503897019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195818","display_name":"Medical simulation","level":2,"score":0.5227539539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4879429042339325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28704281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165","display_name":"Mechatronics","level":2,"score":0.48410308361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103578843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816388","display_name":"Pneumatic flow control","level":2,"score":0.48334476351737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4543168246746063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30824413895606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24356582760810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2356027066707611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti3030047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/3/3/47/pdf?version=1562061351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02170811v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02170811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/3/3/47","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed29b7f16b624f3587aa68d73c113aaa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed29b7f16b624f3587aa68d73c113aaa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 3, Iss 3, p 47 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2414-4088/3/3/47/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti3030047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3030047","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/3/3/47/pdf?version=1562061351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4980649372","display_name":"Strat\u00e9gies d\u2019Apprentissage des M\u00e9tiers de Sant\u00e9 en Environnement Immersif","funder_award_id":"ANR-11-IDFI-0034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702880738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7936109672","display_name":"Simulators for the learning of childbirth","funder_award_id":"ANR-12-MONU-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G884727504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11-IDFI-0034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954981003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954981003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104681419","https://openalex.org/W127739623","https://openalex.org/W992072432","https://openalex.org/W1273631150","https://openalex.org/W1481608044","https://openalex.org/W1505970144","https://openalex.org/W1531946532","https://openalex.org/W1541925238","https://openalex.org/W1571978122","https://openalex.org/W1667952843","https://openalex.org/W1809764668","https://openalex.org/W1884346906","https://openalex.org/W1913694502","https://openalex.org/W1967700140","https://openalex.org/W1972545193","https://openalex.org/W1972727280","https://openalex.org/W1978831226","https://openalex.org/W1982276005","https://openalex.org/W1991087840","https://openalex.org/W1992033469","https://openalex.org/W1995166423","https://openalex.org/W1997624485","https://openalex.org/W2006238471","https://openalex.org/W2007782378","https://openalex.org/W2010487729","https://openalex.org/W2036569055","https://openalex.org/W2047607111","https://openalex.org/W2049268291","https://openalex.org/W2051681843","https://openalex.org/W2061619383","https://openalex.org/W2070819744","https://openalex.org/W2079212877","https://openalex.org/W2084452455","https://openalex.org/W2085487772","https://openalex.org/W2105415793","https://openalex.org/W2105785760","https://openalex.org/W2109526590","https://openalex.org/W2111904757","https://openalex.org/W2112975770","https://openalex.org/W2116485977","https://openalex.org/W2125464106","https://openalex.org/W2126528544","https://openalex.org/W2126536142","https://openalex.org/W2126699374","https://openalex.org/W2139058531","https://openalex.org/W2146736872","https://openalex.org/W2150367199","https://openalex.org/W2155672172","https://openalex.org/W2163602093","https://openalex.org/W2164450398","https://openalex.org/W2164694785","https://openalex.org/W2164897927","https://openalex.org/W2169100281","https://openalex.org/W2170375828","https://openalex.org/W2170520718","https://openalex.org/W2171428737","https://openalex.org/W2173194528","https://openalex.org/W2200315041","https://openalex.org/W2204558347","https://openalex.org/W2206939896","https://openalex.org/W2254101695","https://openalex.org/W2276448469","https://openalex.org/W2278530431","https://openalex.org/W2280388717","https://openalex.org/W2286339719","https://openalex.org/W2295584263","https://openalex.org/W2313149896","https://openalex.org/W2313234023","https://openalex.org/W2397982433","https://openalex.org/W2414508118","https://openalex.org/W2494269595","https://openalex.org/W2511924737","https://openalex.org/W2516096731","https://openalex.org/W2556078315","https://openalex.org/W2577866888","https://openalex.org/W2581382109","https://openalex.org/W2582172648","https://openalex.org/W2618733545","https://openalex.org/W2618852836","https://openalex.org/W2622521812","https://openalex.org/W2739365609","https://openalex.org/W2778285913","https://openalex.org/W2782888862","https://openalex.org/W2801252456","https://openalex.org/W2801986781","https://openalex.org/W2803735436","https://openalex.org/W2807056616","https://openalex.org/W2807677061","https://openalex.org/W2824642132","https://openalex.org/W2883650368","https://openalex.org/W2883795827","https://openalex.org/W2885269992","https://openalex.org/W2889031850","https://openalex.org/W2896507614","https://openalex.org/W2901330888","https://openalex.org/W2901723695","https://openalex.org/W2910486399","https://openalex.org/W2918636917","https://openalex.org/W2937790961","https://openalex.org/W2945300022","https://openalex.org/W2946067461","https://openalex.org/W2967096859","https://openalex.org/W3040740164","https://openalex.org/W4229856339","https://openalex.org/W4230262989","https://openalex.org/W4231740166","https://openalex.org/W4236155905","https://openalex.org/W4238423356","https://openalex.org/W4240065073","https://openalex.org/W4294359834","https://openalex.org/W6628134648","https://openalex.org/W6676785819","https://openalex.org/W6684003207","https://openalex.org/W6698748805","https://openalex.org/W6738730943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W297300187","https://openalex.org/W2731041209","https://openalex.org/W2135563933","https://openalex.org/W2725522804","https://openalex.org/W2091624679","https://openalex.org/W4390099680","https://openalex.org/W2671198237","https://openalex.org/W2750323395","https://openalex.org/W2582632421","https://openalex.org/W2783728883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulators":[0],"have":[1,14,139],"been":[2],"traditionally":[3],"used":[4],"for":[5,129,169],"centuries":[6],"during":[7,64],"medical":[8,55,68,184],"gestures":[9],"training.":[10],"Nowadays,":[11],"mechatronic":[12],"technologies":[13],"opened":[15],"the":[16,96,135,183,189,194],"way":[17],"to":[18,48,53,75,104,192],"more":[19],"evolved":[20],"solutions":[21,91,143],"enabling":[22],"objective":[23],"assessment":[24],"and":[25,41,113,127,186],"dedicated":[26],"pedagogic":[27],"scenarios.":[28],"Trainees":[29],"can":[30],"now":[31],"practice":[32],"in":[33,73,157,182],"virtual":[34],"environments":[35],"representing":[36],"various":[37],"kind":[38],"of":[39,99],"patient":[40],"body":[42],"parts":[43],"including":[44],"physio-pathologies":[45],"issues.":[46],"Gestures,":[47],"be":[49],"mastered,":[50],"vary":[51],"according":[52],"each":[54],"specialty":[56],"(e.g.,":[57,148],"ultrasound":[58],"probe":[59,166],"orientations,":[60],"or":[61],"forceps":[62],"installation":[63],"assisted":[65],"delivery).":[66],"Hence,":[67],"students":[69],"need":[70,128],"kinesthetic":[71],"feedback":[72],"order":[74],"significantly":[76],"improve":[77],"their":[78,100],"learning":[79],"capabilities.":[80],"Gesture":[81],"simulators":[82],"require":[83],"haptic":[84,142],"devices":[85],"with":[86,161,188],"variable":[87],"stiffness":[88],"actuators.":[89],"Existing":[90],"do":[92],"not":[93],"always":[94],"fit":[95],"requirements":[97],"because":[98],"significant":[101],"size.":[102],"Contrary":[103],"electric":[105],"actuators,":[106],"pneumatic":[107,146,165,179],"technology":[108],"is":[109],"low-cost,":[110],"available":[111],"off-the-shelf":[112],"offers":[114],"a":[115,130,158,164],"better":[116],"mass\u2013power":[117],"ratio.":[118],"However,":[119],"it":[120],"presents":[121],"two":[122],"main":[123],"drawbacks:":[124],"nonlinear":[125],"dynamics":[126],"compressed":[131],"air":[132],"supply.":[133],"During":[134],"last":[136],"decade,":[137],"we":[138],"developed":[140,181],"several":[141],"based":[144],"on":[145,178],"actuation":[147,180],"birth":[149],"simulator,":[150],"epidural":[151],"needle":[152],"insertion":[153],"simulator)":[154],"and,":[155],"recently,":[156],"joint":[159],"venture":[160],"Prisme":[162],"laboratory,":[163],"master":[167],"device":[168],"remote":[170],"ultrasonography.":[171],"This":[172],"paper":[173],"recalls":[174],"literature":[175],"scientific":[176],"approaches":[177],"context":[185],"illustrated":[187],"aforementioned":[190],"applications":[191],"highlight":[193],"benefits.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}