{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886739557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","title":"EyeSpot: Leveraging Gaze to Protect Private Text Content on Mobile Devices from Shoulder Surfing","display_name":"EyeSpot: Leveraging Gaze to Protect Private Text Content on Mobile Devices from Shoulder Surfing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886739557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","mag":"2886739557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/3/45/pdf?version=1533818863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/3/45/pdf?version=1533818863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001935352","display_name":"Mohamed Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Khamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Interactive Systems Section, School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK","Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Interactive Systems Section, School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002429603","display_name":"Malin Eiband","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-1645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malin Eiband","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060534817","display_name":"Martin Z\u00fcrn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Z\u00fcrn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072438791","display_name":"Heinrich Hu\u00dfmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-7905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinrich Hussmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Informatics Group, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80337 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001935352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870","https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.3561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91438339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyespot","display_name":"Eyespot","score":0.8026297092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6790244579315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6082854866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5576679110527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4824305474758148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.4673227369785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4270949959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.411533921957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39483585953712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3908156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.335083931684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3320068418979645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1771213710308075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3408121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760306","display_name":"Eyespot","level":2,"score":0.8026297092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6790244579315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6082854866981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5576679110527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4824305474758148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.4673227369785309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4270949959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.411533921957016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39483585953712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3908156752586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.335083931684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3320068418979645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1771213710308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/3/45/pdf?version=1533818863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:170200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f1081caab7d4e4c95152e6fc0ed8f08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f1081caab7d4e4c95152e6fc0ed8f08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 45 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2414-4088/2/3/45/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2030045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/3/45/pdf?version=1533818863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886739557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886739557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970007814","https://openalex.org/W1986291329","https://openalex.org/W1991252272","https://openalex.org/W2007778934","https://openalex.org/W2024619322","https://openalex.org/W2034141986","https://openalex.org/W2040686253","https://openalex.org/W2046378201","https://openalex.org/W2046616910","https://openalex.org/W2061437517","https://openalex.org/W2071962855","https://openalex.org/W2087862817","https://openalex.org/W2097896577","https://openalex.org/W2105121197","https://openalex.org/W2114605895","https://openalex.org/W2115034095","https://openalex.org/W2115929896","https://openalex.org/W2118115984","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2155476561","https://openalex.org/W2159837114","https://openalex.org/W2264168823","https://openalex.org/W2295634449","https://openalex.org/W2299270219","https://openalex.org/W2320112025","https://openalex.org/W2344381053","https://openalex.org/W2345493351","https://openalex.org/W2346630854","https://openalex.org/W2395297283","https://openalex.org/W2398149261","https://openalex.org/W2399430481","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2487484013","https://openalex.org/W2490737928","https://openalex.org/W2496244282","https://openalex.org/W2579600275","https://openalex.org/W2593518298","https://openalex.org/W2610695274","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W2783257340","https://openalex.org/W2795439263","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2888656057","https://openalex.org/W3120940329","https://openalex.org/W4211123696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983224805","https://openalex.org/W3041077683","https://openalex.org/W2376168381","https://openalex.org/W1990456883","https://openalex.org/W2905272888","https://openalex.org/W2143062025","https://openalex.org/W3164142830","https://openalex.org/W4311121529","https://openalex.org/W2046778917","https://openalex.org/W2389671188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"mobile":[1],"devices":[2],"allow":[3],"access":[4],"to":[5,151],"an":[6,102],"increasing":[7],"amount":[8],"of":[9,55,63,98,120,135,154],"private":[10,27],"data,":[11],"using":[12],"them":[13],"in":[14,30,37,76,114,118,157],"public":[15],"can":[16],"potentially":[17],"leak":[18],"sensitive":[19,74],"information":[20],"through":[21,86,105],"shoulder":[22,159],"surfing.":[23],"This":[24,66],"includes":[25],"personal":[26],"data":[28,75],"(e.g.,":[29,36],"chat":[31],"conversations)":[32],"and":[33,126],"business-related":[34],"content":[35,85],"emails).":[38],"Leaking":[39],"the":[40,49,56,91,96,99,152,155],"former":[41],"might":[42],"infringe":[43],"on":[44],"users\u2019":[45,121],"privacy,":[46],"while":[47,94],"leaking":[48],"latter":[50],"is":[51,132],"considered":[52],"a":[53,68,81,87,115,133,142,158],"breach":[54],"EU\u2019s":[57],"General":[58],"Data":[59],"Protection":[60],"Regulation":[61],"as":[62,141],"May":[64],"2018.":[65],"creates":[67],"need":[69],"for":[70,112,146],"systems":[71],"that":[72,83,89],"protect":[73],"public.":[77],"We":[78,108],"introduce":[79],"EyeSpot,":[80],"technique":[82],"displays":[84],"spot":[88],"follows":[90],"user\u2019s":[92],"gaze":[93],"hiding":[95],"rest":[97],"screen":[100],"from":[101],"observer\u2019s":[103],"view":[104],"overlaid":[106],"masks.":[107],"explore":[109],"different":[110],"configurations":[111],"EyeSpot":[113],"user":[116],"study":[117],"terms":[119],"reading":[122],"speed,":[123],"text":[124],"comprehension,":[125],"perceived":[127],"workload.":[128],"While":[129],"our":[130],"system":[131,156],"proof":[134],"concept,":[136],"we":[137],"identify":[138],"crystallized":[139],"masks":[140],"promising":[143],"design":[144],"candidate":[145],"further":[147],"evaluation":[148],"with":[149],"regard":[150],"security":[153],"surfing":[160],"scenario.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
