{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781513233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","title":"A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games","display_name":"A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781513233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","mag":"2781513233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/2/23/pdf?version=1525944728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/2/23/pdf?version=1525944728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Antunes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","display_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/014837179","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Antunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISCTE-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISCTE-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I110026055"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pedro Santana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","display_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/014837179","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Santana","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISCTE-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISCTE-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I110026055"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110026055","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.2354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91606044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6409000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6409000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.8719000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.6970999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.41679999232292175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.8719000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.722599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.6970999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41407105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422741","display_name":"Eye tracking on the ISS","level":3,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/2/23/pdf?version=1525944728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.01565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01565","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.01565","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c8e78ce6c18403a894edae762cfe428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c8e78ce6c18403a894edae762cfe428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 2, Iss 2, p 23 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2414-4088/2/2/23/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction; Volume 2; Issue 2; Pages: 23","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti2020023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/2/2/23/pdf?version=1525944728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781513233.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781513233.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88266677","https://openalex.org/W180512009","https://openalex.org/W628248058","https://openalex.org/W1605527696","https://openalex.org/W1965245095","https://openalex.org/W1985626820","https://openalex.org/W2013399540","https://openalex.org/W2018337957","https://openalex.org/W2020284712","https://openalex.org/W2036493203","https://openalex.org/W2041224215","https://openalex.org/W2042439732","https://openalex.org/W2045362448","https://openalex.org/W2049276185","https://openalex.org/W2050764161","https://openalex.org/W2056379323","https://openalex.org/W2063863593","https://openalex.org/W2113410615","https://openalex.org/W2121045458","https://openalex.org/W2134582869","https://openalex.org/W2135081040","https://openalex.org/W2168304578","https://openalex.org/W2398446582","https://openalex.org/W2570612684","https://openalex.org/W3104472694","https://openalex.org/W3189803505","https://openalex.org/W6677496868","https://openalex.org/W6689282863","https://openalex.org/W6704172100","https://openalex.org/W6712563871","https://openalex.org/W6732352146"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,45,130],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,20,23,28,32,37,62,94,108,156],"use":[4,51,59,96],"of":[5,22,52,97,158],"eye":[6,53,63,88,98,120,133,159],"tracking":[7,54,99,134,160],"in":[8,47,55,60,161],"a":[9,15,48,58,78,101,116],"First-Person":[10],"Shooter":[11],"(FPS)":[12],"game":[13],"as":[14,71],"mechanism":[16],"to:":[17],"(1)":[18],"control":[19,67],"attention":[21,29],"player\u2019s":[24,125],"avatar":[25],"according":[26],"to":[27,57,107,112,138,152],"deployed":[30],"by":[31],"player;":[33],"and":[34,39,104,124],"(2)":[35],"guide":[36],"gameplay":[38],"game\u2019s":[40],"procedural":[41],"content":[42],"generation,":[43],"accordingly.":[44],"results":[46],"more":[49,102],"natural":[50],"comparison":[56],"which":[61],"tracker":[64,121],"directly":[65],"substitutes":[66],"input":[68],"devices,":[69],"such":[70],"gamepads.":[72],"The":[73],"study":[74],"was":[75,128],"conducted":[76],"on":[77],"custom":[79],"endless":[80],"runner":[81],"FPS,":[82],"Zombie":[83],"Runner,":[84],"using":[85],"an":[86],"affordable":[87],"tracker.":[89],"Evaluation":[90],"sessions":[91],"showed":[92],"that":[93,132,143],"proposed":[95],"provides":[100],"challenging":[103],"immersive":[105],"experience":[106,127],"player,":[109],"when":[110],"compared":[111],"its":[113],"absence.":[114],"However,":[115],"strong":[117],"correlation":[118],"between":[119],"calibration":[122],"problems":[123],"overall":[126],"found.":[129],"means":[131,142],"technology":[135,145],"still":[136],"needs":[137],"evolve":[139],"but":[140],"also":[141],"once":[144],"gets":[146],"mature":[147],"enough":[148],"players":[149],"are":[150],"expected":[151],"benefit":[153],"greatly":[154],"from":[155],"inclusion":[157],"their":[162],"gaming":[163],"experience.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2018-01-12T00:00:00"}
