{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128602884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019","title":"MoodScape: Emotion-Informed Terrain Synthesis for Virtual Reality System","display_name":"MoodScape: Emotion-Informed Terrain Synthesis for Virtual Reality System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128602884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rahul Kumar Rai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2921-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Kumar Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2921-2170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102641269","display_name":"Reshu Bansal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reshu Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand 175005, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2017-8864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand 175005, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003320528","display_name":"Shashi Shekhar Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-2266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashi Shekhar Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-2266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20730655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.26409998536109924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.26409998536109924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.19419999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.16699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7875999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain-rendering","display_name":"Terrain rendering","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7875999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118350294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17341992","display_name":"Terrain rendering","level":3,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99695388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350514","display_name":"Raised-relief map","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a44cd50e0694010807c4cc5f8079f84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a44cd50e0694010807c4cc5f8079f84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 19 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mti10020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mti10020019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226272","display_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","issn_l":"2414-4088","issn":["2414-4088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7449697852134705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023736093","https://openalex.org/W2030874102","https://openalex.org/W2150746140","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2746150583","https://openalex.org/W2919234133","https://openalex.org/W2982193060","https://openalex.org/W2993790223","https://openalex.org/W3012615067","https://openalex.org/W3013491151","https://openalex.org/W3014901790","https://openalex.org/W3084230554","https://openalex.org/W3196550329","https://openalex.org/W3202174887","https://openalex.org/W4205700422","https://openalex.org/W4214648729","https://openalex.org/W4292117317","https://openalex.org/W4296109379","https://openalex.org/W4302774768","https://openalex.org/W4378418085","https://openalex.org/W4382814532","https://openalex.org/W4386123341","https://openalex.org/W4386573729","https://openalex.org/W4392595769","https://openalex.org/W4394002089","https://openalex.org/W4396831338","https://openalex.org/W4399081970","https://openalex.org/W4403242055","https://openalex.org/W4404411176"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1)":[0],"Background:":[1],"Virtual":[2,226],"environments":[3],"(VEs)":[4],"significantly":[5,104],"influence":[6],"human":[7],"emotions":[8,26],"through":[9],"various":[10,71],"elements":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,155],"lighting,":[14],"color,":[15],"and":[16,23,54,74,87,111,129,165,193,223],"terrain.":[17],"While":[18],"the":[19,33,36,47,76,106,115,156,183,214],"effects":[20],"of":[21,35],"lighting":[22],"color":[24],"on":[25,90,173,196],"within":[27],"VEs":[28,53],"have":[29],"been":[30],"extensively":[31],"studied,":[32],"impact":[34],"terrain":[37,50,101,136,167],"remains":[38,232],"underexplored.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"addresses":[42],"this":[43,130],"gap":[44],"by":[45],"investigating":[46],"correlation":[48],"between":[49],"characteristics":[51],"in":[52,65,221,233],"users\u2019":[55],"emotional":[56,83],"states.":[57],"(2)":[58],"Methods:":[59],"We":[60],"conducted":[61],"a":[62,140,150,159,174],"user":[63],"study":[64,198],"which":[66,148,181],"participants":[67],"were":[68],"exposed":[69],"to":[70,80,162],"3D":[72],"terrains":[73,185,205],"used":[75],"Self-Assessment":[77],"Manikin":[78],"(SAM)":[79],"rate":[81],"their":[82],"responses":[84],"(valence,":[85],"arousal,":[86],"dominance).":[88],"Building":[89],"these":[91],"insights,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"MoodScape,":[95],"an":[96],"automated":[97],"framework":[98],"for":[99,108],"emotion-informed":[100],"generation":[102],"that":[103,201],"reduces":[105],"need":[107],"extensive":[109],"expertise":[110],"manual":[112],"effort.":[113],"In":[114],"current":[116],"implementation,":[117],"continuous":[118],"SAM":[119],"valence\u2013arousal":[120],"targets":[121],"are":[122],"discretised":[123],"into":[124],"four":[125],"quadrant-based":[126],"affect/terrain":[127],"classes,":[128],"discrete":[131],"class":[132],"label":[133],"conditions":[134],"DH-CVAE-GAN":[135,170],"synthesis.":[137],"MoodScape":[138,202],"designs":[139],"generative":[141],"adversarial":[142],"network":[143,161],"(GAN)":[144],"architecture":[145],"called":[146],"DH-CVAE-GAN,":[147],"integrates":[149],"dual-head":[151],"conditional":[152],"variational":[153],"autoencoder":[154],"generator":[157],"alongside":[158],"discriminator":[160],"ensure":[163],"effective":[164],"realistic":[166,187],"generation.":[168],"The":[169],"is":[171,210],"trained":[172],"satellite-derived":[175],"digital":[176],"elevation":[177],"model":[178],"(DEM)":[179],"dataset,":[180],"helps":[182],"generated":[184],"reflect":[186],"geographic":[188],"patterns.":[189],"(3)":[190],"Results:":[191],"Quantitative":[192],"qualitative":[194],"evaluations":[195],"our":[197],"sample":[199],"suggest":[200],"can":[203],"generate":[204],"whose":[206],"perceived":[207],"affective":[208],"tone":[209],"broadly":[211],"consistent":[212],"with":[213],"specified":[215],"affect-class":[216],"inputs,":[217],"indicating":[218],"potential":[219],"applications":[220],"gaming":[222],"exploratory":[224],"therapeutic":[225],"Reality,":[227],"while":[228],"formal":[229],"clinical":[230],"efficacy":[231],"future":[234],"work.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
