{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2335667200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7040058","title":"Miniaturized Rotary Actuators Using Shape Memory Alloy for Insect-Type MEMS Microrobot","display_name":"Miniaturized Rotary Actuators Using Shape Memory Alloy for Insect-Type MEMS Microrobot","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2335667200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7040058","mag":"2335667200","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi7040058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7040058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/58/pdf?version=1459426460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/58/pdf?version=1459426460","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086546709","display_name":"Ken Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-3025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112097495","display_name":"Kei Iwata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Iwata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034405043","display_name":"Yuki Ishihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-3703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Ishihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011925043","display_name":"Kazuki Sugita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-0422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Sugita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018843064","display_name":"Minami Takato","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minami Takato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112555796","display_name":"Fumio Uchikoba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104946051","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumio Uchikoba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Machinery Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086546709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104946051"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.5747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82231113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"58","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8239814043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.7826828956604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-memory-alloy","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","score":0.6523649096488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-speed","display_name":"Rotational speed","score":0.5354758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.49648934602737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4726525843143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wafer","display_name":"Wafer","score":0.4718727469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4686873257160187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41314253211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3671971559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31113165616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2994263768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21079519391059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.14023461937904358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8239814043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.7826828956604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.6523649096488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81063470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256787","display_name":"Rotational speed","level":2,"score":0.5354758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49648934602737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4726525843143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.4718727469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4686873257160187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41314253211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3671971559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31113165616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2994263768196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21079519391059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14023461937904358}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi7040058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7040058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/58/pdf?version=1459426460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30407431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a85524107094885879f99dd9c3de47b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a85524107094885879f99dd9c3de47b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 7, Iss 4, p 58 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5158529","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6190375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6190375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6190375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi7040058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi7040058","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/7/4/58/pdf?version=1459426460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309545","display_name":"Synopsys","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309995","display_name":"Nihon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jk51a88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2335667200.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593900397","https://openalex.org/W1967067600","https://openalex.org/W1977526326","https://openalex.org/W1982636603","https://openalex.org/W1991384742","https://openalex.org/W1996641251","https://openalex.org/W2006962881","https://openalex.org/W2018822197","https://openalex.org/W2025045734","https://openalex.org/W2026832619","https://openalex.org/W2032990909","https://openalex.org/W2047706052","https://openalex.org/W2050426505","https://openalex.org/W2098998403","https://openalex.org/W2109064901","https://openalex.org/W2115734419","https://openalex.org/W2122448988","https://openalex.org/W2130152551","https://openalex.org/W2131221518","https://openalex.org/W2140710816","https://openalex.org/W2160547723","https://openalex.org/W3088002688","https://openalex.org/W6635530654","https://openalex.org/W6656575379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W569866225","https://openalex.org/W1503164862","https://openalex.org/W4390099502","https://openalex.org/W4205500794","https://openalex.org/W2570797127","https://openalex.org/W2909273876","https://openalex.org/W2350938838","https://openalex.org/W2040908729","https://openalex.org/W2027119997","https://openalex.org/W2089389693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"several":[1],"types":[2],"of":[3,10,39,47,152,162,185],"locomotive":[4],"microrobots":[5,24],"have":[6,12,20,57],"been":[7,21],"developed,":[8],"most":[9],"them":[11],"difficulty":[13],"locomoting":[14],"on":[15,23],"uneven":[16],"surfaces.":[17],"Thus,":[18],"we":[19,56,169],"focused":[22],"that":[25],"can":[26,73,99,115],"locomote":[27,116],"using":[28,63,79,103,117],"step":[29,118],"patterns.":[30,119],"We":[31],"are":[32,93],"studying":[33],"insect-type":[34,121],"microrobot":[35,41,113,123],"systems.":[36],"The":[37,69,82,120,144],"locomotion":[38,139,145],"the":[40,48,75,89,111,150,153,159,163,177,182,186],"is":[42,125,141,147],"generated":[43],"by":[44,62,102],"rotational":[45],"movements":[46],"shape":[49,83,154],"memory":[50,84,155],"alloy-type":[51,85],"rotary":[52,86,173,188],"actuator.":[53,189],"In":[54,166],"addition,":[55],"constructed":[58,94],"artificial":[59,70,90],"neural":[60,71,91],"networks":[61,72,92],"analog":[64],"integrated":[65,101],"circuit":[66],"(IC)":[67],"technology.":[68,107],"output":[74],"driving":[76],"waveform":[77],"without":[78],"software":[80],"programs.":[81],"actuator":[87,174],"and":[88,130,137,180],"with":[95,176],"silicon":[96],"wafers;":[97],"they":[98],"be":[100],"micro-electromechanical":[104],"system":[105,114,124],"(MEMS)":[106],"As":[108],"a":[109,171],"result,":[110],"MEMS":[112,122,164],"0.079":[126],"g":[127],"in":[128,135],"weight":[129],"less":[131],"than":[132],"5.0":[133],"mm":[134],"size,":[136],"its":[138],"speed":[140,146],"2":[142],"mm/min.":[143],"slow":[148],"because":[149],"heat":[151],"alloy":[156],"conducts":[157],"to":[158],"mechanical":[160],"parts":[161],"microrobot.":[165],"this":[167],"paper,":[168],"discuss":[170],"new":[172],"compared":[175],"previous":[178],"model":[179],"show":[181],"continuous":[183],"rotation":[184],"proposed":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}