{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131672302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","title":"Quantitative Analysis to the Impacts of IMU Quality in GPS/INS Deep Integration","display_name":"Quantitative Analysis to the Impacts of IMU Quality in GPS/INS Deep Integration","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131672302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","mag":"2131672302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi6081082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/6/8/1082/pdf?version=1439361639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/6/8/1082/pdf?version=1439361639","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005541527","display_name":"Xiaoji Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-0859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoji Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032423643","display_name":"Yalong Ban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4284-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalong Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406685","display_name":"Quan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011391442","display_name":"Tisheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-0428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tisheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716541","display_name":"Hongping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-7188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705110","display_name":"Jingnan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-9113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingnan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011391442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":76.7123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99640131,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"8","first_page":"1082","last_page":"1099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.9198156595230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8260354399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps/ins","display_name":"GPS/INS","score":0.7403146624565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.6177414655685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5039178729057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.3629528880119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34347981214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.3404806852340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3363991677761078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3316989541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28912150859832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10979187488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08630380034446716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.9198156595230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8260354399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193183557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195126","display_name":"GPS/INS","level":4,"score":0.7403146624565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.6177414655685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5039178729057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.3629528880119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34347981214523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.3404806852340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3363991677761078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3316989541053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28912150859832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10979187488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08630380034446716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi6081082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/6/8/1082/pdf?version=1439361639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4fb96a657be41e1b7bbc2004862d152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4fb96a657be41e1b7bbc2004862d152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 6, Iss 8, Pp 1082-1099 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-666X/6/8/1082/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi6081082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6081082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/6/8/1082/pdf?version=1439361639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1461069448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015AA124002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3851058840","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u9ad8\u91c7\u6837\u7387GNSS\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u707e\u5bb3\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41231174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3956863725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012AA12A206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4031219862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41231174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4597294391","display_name":"GNSS/INS\u6df1\u7ec4\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8f7d\u6ce2\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0eIMU\u8bef\u5dee\u4e4b\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41174028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5474522457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012AA12A206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","funder_display_name":"Wuhan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6173119442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41404029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6428513103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41174028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","funder_display_name":"Wuhan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324116","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131672302.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131672302.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564768010","https://openalex.org/W1579438189","https://openalex.org/W1970847656","https://openalex.org/W2086202240","https://openalex.org/W2094926743","https://openalex.org/W2101917951","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2183475719","https://openalex.org/W2184034707","https://openalex.org/W2288464964","https://openalex.org/W2388085328","https://openalex.org/W2587049767","https://openalex.org/W2595493825","https://openalex.org/W2602190856","https://openalex.org/W2614256769","https://openalex.org/W2620323993","https://openalex.org/W3083759819","https://openalex.org/W3134539177","https://openalex.org/W3148916593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182125867","https://openalex.org/W2030440043","https://openalex.org/W4250716077","https://openalex.org/W1494447669","https://openalex.org/W2119957445","https://openalex.org/W2038183074","https://openalex.org/W2055925535","https://openalex.org/W2123903576","https://openalex.org/W1488594857","https://openalex.org/W2024124515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,12,17,22,30,36,45,49,60,66,78,85,107,113,128,144,153,163,168,172,190],"Global":[2],"Positioning":[3],"System":[4,7,90],"(GPS)/Inertial":[5],"Navigation":[6],"(INS)":[8],"deep":[9,69],"integration":[10,70],"system,":[11],"pure":[13],"negative":[14,46],"effect":[15],"of":[16,48,56,88,109,170,194],"INS":[18,23,37,57],"aiding":[19,38,51,171,184],"is":[20,27,39,96,132],"mainly":[21],"navigation":[24],"error":[25,82,86,126],"that":[26,77,161],"independent":[28],"with":[29],"motion":[31],"dynamics,":[32],"which":[33,148],"determine":[34],"whether":[35],"worthy.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"quantitatively":[43],"assesses":[44],"effects":[47],"inertial":[50,92],"information":[52,185],"from":[53],"different":[54],"grades":[55],"by":[58,84],"modeling":[59],"phase-locked":[61],"loops":[62],"(PLLs)":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"scalar-based":[67],"GPS/INS":[68],"system":[71],"under":[72],"stationary":[73],"conditions.":[74],"Results":[75],"show":[76],"largest":[79],"maneuver-independent":[80],"velocity":[81],"caused":[83],"sources":[87],"micro-electro-mechanical":[89],"(MEMS)":[91],"measurement":[93],"unit":[94],"(IMU)":[95],"less":[97,102,151],"than":[98,103,152],"0.1":[99],"m/s,":[100],"and":[101,140,186],"0.05":[104],"m/s":[105],"for":[106,136,143,189],"case":[108,139],"tactical":[110,145,177],"IMU":[111,138,146,166,179],"during":[112],"typical":[114,129],"GPS":[115],"update":[116],"interval":[117],"(i.e.,":[118],"1":[119],"s).":[120],"The":[121,176],"consequent":[122],"carrier":[123],"phase":[124],"tracking":[125,130,193],"in":[127],"loop":[131,192],"below":[133],"1.2":[134],"degrees":[135,142],"MEMS":[137,165],"0.8":[141],"case,":[147],"are":[149],"much":[150],"receiver":[154,173],"inherent":[155],"errors.":[156],"Conclusions":[157],"can":[158,180],"be":[159],"reached":[160],"even":[162],"low-end":[164],"has":[167,187],"ability":[169],"signal":[174],"tracking.":[175],"grade":[178],"provide":[181],"higher":[182],"quality":[183],"potential":[188],"open":[191],"GPS.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}