{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022991461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5030711","title":"Evolution of Monolithic Technology for Wireless Communications: GaN MMIC Power Amplifiers For Microwave Radios","display_name":"Evolution of Monolithic Technology for Wireless Communications: GaN MMIC Power Amplifiers For Microwave Radios","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022991461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5030711","mag":"2022991461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi5030711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5030711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/5/3/711/pdf?version=1410506626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/5/3/711/pdf?version=1410506626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088618883","display_name":"Vittorio Camarchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Camarchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057871071","display_name":"Marco Pirola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pirola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066804985","display_name":"Roberto Quaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-301X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Quaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088618883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08078715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"711","last_page":"721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-microwave-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Monolithic microwave integrated circuit","score":0.7728614807128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.698911726474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-nitride","display_name":"Gallium nitride","score":0.633112370967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5903288125991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5417322516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5401244759559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.518944501876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.5028840899467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4567197561264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.41705331206321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3330156207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.27115634083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2198740541934967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1549784243106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.10545036196708679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128450285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945036","display_name":"Monolithic microwave integrated circuit","level":4,"score":0.7728614807128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.698911726474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713","display_name":"Gallium nitride","level":3,"score":0.633112370967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5903288125991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5417322516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5401244759559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.518944501876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.5028840899467468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4567197561264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.41705331206321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3330156207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.27115634083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2198740541934967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1549784243106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10545036196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi5030711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5030711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/5/3/711/pdf?version=1410506626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0451af6637694b05b79d74d8884b988e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0451af6637694b05b79d74d8884b988e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 711-721 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:porto.polito.it:2563358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://porto.polito.it/2563358/1/micromachines_05_00711.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402038","display_name":"PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino (Politecnico di Torino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","host_organization_name":"Politecnico di Torino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:2072-666X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi5030711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi5030711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/5/3/711/pdf?version=1410506626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2022991461.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2022991461.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988236473","https://openalex.org/W1989761538","https://openalex.org/W1990029011","https://openalex.org/W1999817992","https://openalex.org/W2023191914","https://openalex.org/W2036015442","https://openalex.org/W2047043550","https://openalex.org/W2048054667","https://openalex.org/W2055115064","https://openalex.org/W2072624186","https://openalex.org/W2078506629","https://openalex.org/W2088884015","https://openalex.org/W2117651202","https://openalex.org/W2117658335","https://openalex.org/W2120754584","https://openalex.org/W2121241090","https://openalex.org/W2123191477","https://openalex.org/W2123842207","https://openalex.org/W2124498120","https://openalex.org/W2138970015","https://openalex.org/W2139048683","https://openalex.org/W2139989179","https://openalex.org/W2146591159","https://openalex.org/W2150237098","https://openalex.org/W2154881527","https://openalex.org/W2160013620","https://openalex.org/W3150432019","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6677689763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542549500","https://openalex.org/W2167356313","https://openalex.org/W2990861346","https://openalex.org/W2226943413","https://openalex.org/W1897760433","https://openalex.org/W1557806132","https://openalex.org/W2472160638","https://openalex.org/W3209950509","https://openalex.org/W4377089489","https://openalex.org/W4388207625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,17,47,75,89,92,98,104],"progress":[4,96],"of":[5,19,79,91,103],"monolithic":[6],"technology":[7,14,83],"for":[8,26],"microwaveapplication,":[9],"focusing":[10],"on":[11,63],"gallium":[12,81],"nitride":[13,82],"advances":[15],"in":[16,97],"realization":[18],"integratedpower":[20],"amplifiers.":[21],"Three":[22],"design":[23,33,72],"examples,":[24],"developed":[25,39],"microwave":[27],"backhaul":[28],"radios,":[29],"areshown.":[30],"The":[31,68],"first":[32],"is":[34],"a":[35,41,50,55,64],"7":[36,51],"GHz":[37,52,57],"Doherty":[38,53],"with":[40],"research":[42],"foundry,":[43],"while":[44],"thesecond":[45],"and":[46,54,74,77,101],"third":[48],"are":[49,84],"7\u201315":[56],"dual-band":[58],"combined":[59],"poweramplifiers,":[60],"both":[61],"based":[62],"commercial":[65],"foundry":[66],"process.":[67,105],"employed":[69,93],"architectures,":[70],"themain":[71],"steps":[73],"pros":[76],"cons":[78],"using":[80],"highlighted.The":[85],"measured":[86],"performance":[87,102],"demonstrates":[88],"potentialities":[90],"technology,":[94],"andthe":[95],"accuracy,":[99],"reliability":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}