{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148487070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542","title":"Characterization of Kink Actuators as Compared to Traditional Chevron Shaped Bent-Beam Electrothermal Actuators","display_name":"Characterization of Kink Actuators as Compared to Traditional Chevron Shaped Bent-Beam Electrothermal Actuators","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148487070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542","mag":"2148487070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3030542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/3/542/pdf?version=1341574511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/3/542/pdf?version=1341574511","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019891417","display_name":"E. Rawashdeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehab Rawashdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018143111","display_name":"Ayman M. Karam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Karam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071464192","display_name":"Ian G. Foulds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian G. Foulds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Sciences and Engineering, Electromechanical Microsystems & Polymer Integration Research (EMPIRe) Group, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019891417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79900927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"542","last_page":"549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11525","display_name":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chevron","display_name":"Chevron (anatomy)","score":0.91750168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.9105205535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.6396204233169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5686303377151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5557243824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.5302987098693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5167819261550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bent-molecular-geometry","display_name":"Bent molecular geometry","score":0.4520157277584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4481351971626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.43830054998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4208936095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3492177724838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24561160802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12496459484100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12213769555091858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780216701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642026","display_name":"Chevron (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.91750168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.9105205535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6396204233169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5686303377151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5557243824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5302987098693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5167819261550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138211643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675211","display_name":"Bent molecular geometry","level":2,"score":0.4520157277584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4481351971626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.43830054998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4208936095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3492177724838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24561160802841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12496459484100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12213769555091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3030542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/3/542/pdf?version=1341574511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da8abf352b2244b39abd827d6db5d940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da8abf352b2244b39abd827d6db5d940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 542-549 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/334642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/334642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3030542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/3/542/pdf?version=1341574511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148487070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148487070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332950511","https://openalex.org/W1930247589","https://openalex.org/W2014516823","https://openalex.org/W2021669167","https://openalex.org/W2023470565","https://openalex.org/W2062429299","https://openalex.org/W2083875920","https://openalex.org/W2090094968","https://openalex.org/W2101979570","https://openalex.org/W2118129490","https://openalex.org/W2124606332","https://openalex.org/W2128159194","https://openalex.org/W2137950115","https://openalex.org/W2154644761","https://openalex.org/W2163653975","https://openalex.org/W2543062597","https://openalex.org/W3000371608","https://openalex.org/W3011759179","https://openalex.org/W4206091060","https://openalex.org/W6640471562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944081712","https://openalex.org/W1488871252","https://openalex.org/W2304240626","https://openalex.org/W1593604679","https://openalex.org/W1983740281","https://openalex.org/W4313186504","https://openalex.org/W2055635598","https://openalex.org/W2621218927","https://openalex.org/W2148487070","https://openalex.org/W2066459308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"the":[3,14,19,36,61,75,89,112,129,133,164],"design":[4],"and":[5,27],"performance":[6],"of":[7,13,25,114,156],"kink":[8,26,120,138,152],"actuators,":[9],"a":[10,46,51,123],"modified":[11],"version":[12],"bent-beam":[15],"thermal":[16],"actuator,":[17],"to":[18,50,59,73,87,128],"standard":[20,165],"chevron-shaped":[21],"designs.":[22,167],"A":[23],"variety":[24],"chevron":[28,100,130,166],"actuator":[29,93,131,139],"designs":[30,42,149],"were":[31,38,43,70,85],"fabricated":[32],"from":[33],"polysilicon.":[34],"While":[35],"actuators":[37,101,121,153],"electrically":[39],"probed,":[40],"these":[41],"tested":[44],"using":[45],"probe":[47],"station":[48],"connected":[49],"National":[52],"Instruments":[53],"(NI)":[54],"controller":[55],"that":[56,99],"uses":[57],"LabVIEW":[58],"extract":[60,88],"displacement":[62,68],"results":[63,69],"via":[64],"image":[65],"processing.":[66],"The":[67,95,137],"then":[71],"used":[72,86],"validate":[74],"thermal-electric-structural":[76],"simulations":[77],"produced":[78],"by":[79],"COMSOL.":[80],"These":[81],"results,":[82],"in":[83],"turn,":[84],"stiffness":[90,105,125],"for":[91],"both":[92],"types.":[94],"data":[96],"extracted":[97],"show":[98],"can":[102],"have":[103],"larger":[104,142],"values":[106],"with":[107,132],"increasing":[108],"offsets,":[109],"but":[110],"at":[111,147,159],"cost":[113],"lower":[115,160],"amplification":[116,135,143],"factors.":[117],"In":[118],"contrast,":[119],"showed":[122],"constant":[124],"value":[126],"equivalent":[127],"highest":[134],"factor.":[136],"also":[140],"had":[141],"factors":[144],"than":[145,163],"chevrons":[146],"all":[148],"tested.":[150],"Therefore,":[151],"are":[154],"capable":[155],"longer":[157],"throws":[158],"power":[161],"levels":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}