{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113057086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3010150","title":"Modeling and Control of Electrowetting Induced Droplet Motion","display_name":"Modeling and Control of Electrowetting Induced Droplet Motion","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113057086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3010150","mag":"2113057086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3010150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3010150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/1/150/pdf?version=1331729383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/1/150/pdf?version=1331729383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049476718","display_name":"Herman Oprins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-4969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Herman Oprins","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026709733","display_name":"Bart Vandevelde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Vandevelde","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052373221","display_name":"Martine Baelmans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-4583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martine Baelmans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 300A, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 300A, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049476718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.7493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75939971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"150","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12776","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"Electrowetting","score":0.9316643476486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.677812933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring","display_name":"Spring (device)","score":0.6322269439697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.6210957169532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5886275172233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.501934289932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.45642656087875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-response","display_name":"Transient response","score":0.44911065697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4364430606365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4214492738246918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4121474623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4046165943145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4044334888458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.3097430467605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19517293572425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19410526752471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10513174533843994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.9316643476486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.677812933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.6322269439697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6210957169532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5886275172233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.501934289932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.45642656087875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.44911065697669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4364430606365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4214492738246918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4121474623680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4046165943145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4044334888458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3097430467605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19517293572425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19410526752471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10513174533843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3010150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3010150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/1/150/pdf?version=1331729383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/343359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/343359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, vol. 3 (3), (150-167)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:729510334bfc454da61b3a10f4b5d614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/729510334bfc454da61b3a10f4b5d614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 150-167 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi3010150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3010150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/3/1/150/pdf?version=1331729383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113057086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113057086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W953738658","https://openalex.org/W1561501561","https://openalex.org/W1909235131","https://openalex.org/W1954267321","https://openalex.org/W1966618425","https://openalex.org/W1974877750","https://openalex.org/W1993559980","https://openalex.org/W1994561693","https://openalex.org/W2001979281","https://openalex.org/W2028463554","https://openalex.org/W2032506036","https://openalex.org/W2046656222","https://openalex.org/W2059963708","https://openalex.org/W2067778279","https://openalex.org/W2070080028","https://openalex.org/W2081149191","https://openalex.org/W2084159787","https://openalex.org/W2101476140","https://openalex.org/W2114955730","https://openalex.org/W2121715744","https://openalex.org/W2121773585","https://openalex.org/W2122651297","https://openalex.org/W2124092836","https://openalex.org/W2134128918","https://openalex.org/W2141223796","https://openalex.org/W2141921469","https://openalex.org/W2150068960","https://openalex.org/W2156526041","https://openalex.org/W2166910998","https://openalex.org/W2169616633","https://openalex.org/W2170148059","https://openalex.org/W2246844304","https://openalex.org/W2253344278","https://openalex.org/W2405046509","https://openalex.org/W2485244922","https://openalex.org/W4206707741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386095735","https://openalex.org/W2266841287","https://openalex.org/W2248590691","https://openalex.org/W2014796125","https://openalex.org/W2131408766","https://openalex.org/W2669128877","https://openalex.org/W1985471711","https://openalex.org/W2917980287","https://openalex.org/W2039258743","https://openalex.org/W2059875667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,49,130],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,29,74,119,144],"general":[4,53],"methodology":[5],"for":[6,55,89,124],"the":[7,25,38,52,56,67,79,82,90,116,132,135,154,162,171,175],"dynamic":[8,57,103,155],"study":[9,37],"of":[10,28,40,118,127,134,174],"electrostatically":[11],"actuated":[12],"droplets":[13],"is":[14,21,61,105,141,150,159],"presented.":[15],"A":[16],"simplified":[17,75],"1D":[18],"transient":[19,26],"model":[20,60,104,149],"developed":[22],"to":[23,31,36,107,152],"investigate":[24],"response":[27],"droplet":[30,58,68,110,156],"an":[32,125],"actuation":[33,92,121,139],"voltage":[34,140],"and":[35,42,45,71,88,123,138],"effect":[39],"geometrical":[41],"fluid-thermal":[43],"properties":[44],"electrical":[46],"parameters":[47],"on":[48,66],"behavior.":[50],"First,":[51],"approach":[54],"motion":[59,111],"described.":[62],"All":[63],"forces":[64],"acting":[65],"are":[69,86,100],"introduced":[70],"presented":[72,151],"in":[73,115],"algebraic":[76],"expression.":[77],"For":[78],"retentive":[80],"force,":[81,93],"empirically":[83],"extracted":[84],"correlations":[85],"used,":[87],"electrostatic":[91,96],"results":[94],"from":[95],"finite":[97],"element":[98],"simulations":[99],"used.":[101],"The":[102],"applied":[106],"electrowetting":[108],"induced":[109],"between":[112],"parallel":[113],"plates":[114],"case":[117],"single":[120],"electrode":[122],"array":[126],"electrodes.":[128],"Using":[129],"methodology,":[131],"influence":[133],"switching":[136,164],"frequency":[137,165,173],"studied.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"linearized":[145,176],"equivalent":[146],"damped":[147,177],"mass\u2014spring":[148,178],"approximate":[153],"motion.":[157],"It":[158],"shown":[160],"that":[161],"optimal":[163],"can":[166],"be":[167],"estimated":[168],"by":[169],"twice":[170],"natural":[172],"system.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}