{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416109829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143","title":"Delving into Unsupervised Hebbian Learning from Artificial Intelligence Perspectives","display_name":"Delving into Unsupervised Hebbian Learning from Artificial Intelligence Perspectives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416109829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make7040143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/7/4/143/pdf?version=1762869152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/7/4/143/pdf?version=1762869152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103146820","display_name":"Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069215744","display_name":"Zhixin Piao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8825-0829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Piao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022756970","display_name":"Chi Chung Alan Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-8230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Chung Alan Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China","Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022756970","https://openalex.org/A5103146820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.5953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92473676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"143","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.08070000261068344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-theory","display_name":"Hebbian theory","score":0.9358999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.7084000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leabra","display_name":"Leabra","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-learning","display_name":"Competitive learning","score":0.5328999757766724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.9358999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.713100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.7084000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6722000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97108695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508265","display_name":"Leabra","level":5,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120822770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156355","display_name":"Competitive learning","level":3,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111168008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838","display_name":"Self-organizing map","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/make7040143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/7/4/143/pdf?version=1762869152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/19dde2ad-1674-4266-b7be-62d04dfbbd5f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/19dde2ad-1674-4266-b7be-62d04dfbbd5f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lin, W, Piao, Z & Fung, C C A 2025, 'Delving into Unsupervised Hebbian Learning from Artificial Intelligence Perspectives', Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, vol. 7, no. 4, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f906c022e90e48bb913c95301108ecea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f906c022e90e48bb913c95301108ecea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, Vol 7, Iss 4, p 143 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make7040143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/7/4/143/pdf?version=1762869152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4167092379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7006055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747675475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9610591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8582555881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20230807115001004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306920","display_name":"Cooley's Anemia Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03hv05g61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333998","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416109829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416109829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"Hebbian":[1,38,60,74,133,196],"learning":[2,39,61,75,102,197],"is":[3],"a":[4,23,155],"biologically":[5,43],"inspired":[6],"algorithm":[7],"designed":[8],"to":[9,26,55,181],"extract":[10],"representations":[11],"from":[12,50,162,177],"input":[13,114],"images,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16],"subsequently":[17],"support":[18],"supervised":[19],"learning.":[20,122],"It":[21],"presents":[22],"promising":[24],"alternative":[25],"traditional":[27],"artificial":[28],"neural":[29],"networks":[30],"(ANNs).":[31],"Many":[32],"attempts":[33],"have":[34],"focused":[35],"on":[36,132,190],"enhancing":[37,191],"by":[40,145],"incorporating":[41],"more":[42],"plausible":[44],"components.":[45],"Contrarily,":[46],"we":[47,67,94,124,153],"draw":[48],"inspiration":[49],"recent":[51],"advances":[52],"in":[53,62,73,89,103,168],"ANNs":[54],"rethink":[56],"and":[57,76,98,106],"further":[58],"improve":[59],"three":[63],"interconnected":[64],"aspects.":[65],"First,":[66],"investigate":[68],"the":[69,78,96,113,126,136,146,192],"issue":[70],"of":[71,80,85,100,128,138,148,195],"overfitting":[72],"emphasize":[77],"importance":[79],"selecting":[81],"an":[82],"optimal":[83],"number":[84],"training":[86],"epochs,":[87],"even":[88],"unsupervised":[90],"settings.":[91],"In":[92],"addition,":[93],"discuss":[95],"risks":[97],"benefits":[99,137],"anti-Hebbian":[101],"model":[104],"performance,":[105],"our":[107,185],"visualizations":[108],"reveal":[109],"that":[110,173],"synapses":[111,176],"resembling":[112],"images":[115],"sometimes":[116],"do":[117],"not":[118],"necessarily":[119],"reflect":[120],"effective":[121],"Then,":[123],"explore":[125],"impact":[127],"different":[129,178],"activation":[130],"functions":[131],"representations,":[134],"highlighting":[135],"properly":[139],"utilizing":[140],"negative":[141],"values.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"motivated":[144],"success":[147],"large":[149],"pre-trained":[150],"language":[151],"models,":[152],"propose":[154],"novel":[156],"approach":[157],"for":[158],"leveraging":[159],"unlabeled":[160],"data":[161],"other":[163],"datasets.":[164],"Unlike":[165],"conventional":[166],"pre-training":[167],"ANNs,":[169],"experimental":[170],"results":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"merging":[174],"trained":[175],"datasets":[179],"leads":[180],"improved":[182],"performance.":[183],"Overall,":[184],"findings":[186],"offer":[187],"fresh":[188],"perspectives":[189],"future":[193],"design":[194],"algorithms.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}