{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318819061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5010013","title":"Machine Learning and Prediction of Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Machine Learning and Prediction of Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318819061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5010013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make5010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/5/1/13/pdf?version=1675911631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/5/1/13/pdf?version=1675911631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070829099","display_name":"Omar Enzo Santangelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150517","display_name":"Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn5sa20","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570471","display_name":"Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Lodi","ror":"https://ror.org/054x2er76","country_code":null,"type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570471"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Enzo Santangelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-3665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150517","https://openalex.org/I4396570471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005439684","display_name":"Vito Gentile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3844-3136"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vito Gentile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synbrain Srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synbrain Srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028473948","display_name":"Stefano Pizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6760-7646"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Pizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Management, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","Hospital Management, AOUP \"G. Rodolico-San Marco\" of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6760-7646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Management, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Management, AOUP \"G. Rodolico-San Marco\" of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082414953","display_name":"Domiziana Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-9840"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domiziana Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Hygiene Unit, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","Hospital Hygiene Unit, AOUP \"G. Rodolico-San Marco\" of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Hygiene Unit, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico-San Marco\u201d of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Hygiene Unit, AOUP \"G. Rodolico-San Marco\" of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063907841","display_name":"Fabrizio Cedrone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147037","display_name":"Azienda USL di Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/048ym4d69","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147037"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Cedrone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Management, Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65122 Pescara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-2460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Management, Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65122 Pescara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070829099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150517","https://openalex.org/I4396570471"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1557},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1557},"fwci":7.9918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98934754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.7808334231376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.664201557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.6603809595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.6596565246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.512505054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.4848867356777191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology","display_name":"Epidemiology","score":0.4502515196800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4424106478691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43193235993385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42302757501602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-literature","display_name":"Medical literature","score":0.4116283655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3910570740699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.37764108180999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.17415955662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08174484968185425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.7808334231376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.664201557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.6603809595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6596565246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.512505054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.4848867356777191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4502515196800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4424106478691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43193235993385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42302757501602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147","display_name":"Medical literature","level":2,"score":0.4116283655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3910570740699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.37764108180999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.17415955662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08174484968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/make5010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/5/1/13/pdf?version=1675911631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c998d9417f14238b193d20dcd8561da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c998d9417f14238b193d20dcd8561da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 175-198 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make5010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/5/1/13/pdf?version=1675911631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318819061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318819061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979423827","https://openalex.org/W1987319584","https://openalex.org/W2012932483","https://openalex.org/W2098923148","https://openalex.org/W2201261223","https://openalex.org/W2610984530","https://openalex.org/W2612891587","https://openalex.org/W2783264855","https://openalex.org/W2792528103","https://openalex.org/W2887810224","https://openalex.org/W2901150100","https://openalex.org/W2911197684","https://openalex.org/W2944816753","https://openalex.org/W2945054730","https://openalex.org/W2954362672","https://openalex.org/W2970803510","https://openalex.org/W2999103859","https://openalex.org/W3009876049","https://openalex.org/W3022145812","https://openalex.org/W3022787740","https://openalex.org/W3024379881","https://openalex.org/W3025927549","https://openalex.org/W3027908495","https://openalex.org/W3034928370","https://openalex.org/W3037192120","https://openalex.org/W3082537992","https://openalex.org/W3087195019","https://openalex.org/W3088154786","https://openalex.org/W3089930953","https://openalex.org/W3092723799","https://openalex.org/W3093842700","https://openalex.org/W3094315762","https://openalex.org/W3104749795","https://openalex.org/W3112040133","https://openalex.org/W3118556710","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3120674753","https://openalex.org/W3120916603","https://openalex.org/W3121890237","https://openalex.org/W3126589557","https://openalex.org/W3126918253","https://openalex.org/W3127001596","https://openalex.org/W3127343380","https://openalex.org/W3132770720","https://openalex.org/W3134619772","https://openalex.org/W3137171143","https://openalex.org/W3148377651","https://openalex.org/W3155922508","https://openalex.org/W3158074966","https://openalex.org/W3160144148","https://openalex.org/W3160792020","https://openalex.org/W3175329645","https://openalex.org/W3185441414","https://openalex.org/W3187294826","https://openalex.org/W3196442791","https://openalex.org/W3210844693","https://openalex.org/W3215129590","https://openalex.org/W3216027625","https://openalex.org/W3216946610","https://openalex.org/W4200012278","https://openalex.org/W4200095090","https://openalex.org/W4200142652","https://openalex.org/W4200247708","https://openalex.org/W4200611311","https://openalex.org/W4205886613","https://openalex.org/W4210459029","https://openalex.org/W4213055267","https://openalex.org/W4214541726","https://openalex.org/W4220660761","https://openalex.org/W4220878029","https://openalex.org/W4220951288","https://openalex.org/W4221149490","https://openalex.org/W4224939770","https://openalex.org/W4225765448","https://openalex.org/W4238569220","https://openalex.org/W4281483615","https://openalex.org/W4282822959","https://openalex.org/W4283379274","https://openalex.org/W4285350764","https://openalex.org/W4285797041","https://openalex.org/W4289259928","https://openalex.org/W4289667193","https://openalex.org/W4293087595","https://openalex.org/W4293451348","https://openalex.org/W4293780421","https://openalex.org/W4294215472","https://openalex.org/W4302283318","https://openalex.org/W4312454596","https://openalex.org/W6758274476","https://openalex.org/W6765357737","https://openalex.org/W6778081010","https://openalex.org/W6791478033","https://openalex.org/W6795076484","https://openalex.org/W6804853993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049105914","https://openalex.org/W2906204823","https://openalex.org/W4205138131","https://openalex.org/W3139803332","https://openalex.org/W2158244250","https://openalex.org/W2361854243","https://openalex.org/W2996440797","https://openalex.org/W2593755141","https://openalex.org/W2915070325","https://openalex.org/W2546519383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,82],"aim":[1],"of":[2,30,37,73,100,110],"the":[3,28,31,35,43,71,74,96],"study":[4,23],"is":[5,10,92,114],"to":[6,12,94,116],"show":[7],"whether":[8],"it":[9,91,113],"possible":[11,93,115],"predict":[13,95],"infectious":[14,102],"disease":[15],"outbreaks":[16],"early,":[17],"by":[18,61,104],"using":[19],"machine":[20,111],"learning.":[21],"This":[22],"was":[24,59],"carried":[25],"out":[26],"following":[27],"guidelines":[29],"Cochrane":[32],"Collaboration":[33],"and":[34,42,50,57,65,98,108,119],"meta-analysis":[36],"observational":[38],"studies":[39,83],"in":[40,85],"epidemiology":[41],"preferred":[44],"reporting":[45],"items":[46],"for":[47],"systematic":[48,77,87],"reviews":[49],"meta-analyses.":[51],"suitable":[53],"bibliography":[54],"on":[55,67],"PubMed/Medline":[56],"Scopus":[58],"searched":[60],"combining":[62,105],"text,":[63],"words,":[64],"titles":[66],"medical":[68],"topics.":[69],"At":[70],"end":[72],"search,":[75],"this":[76,86],"review":[78,88],"contained":[79],"75":[80],"records.":[81],"analyzed":[84],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90],"incidence":[97],"trends":[99],"some":[101],"diseases;":[103],"several":[106],"techniques":[107],"types":[109],"learning,":[112],"obtain":[117],"accurate":[118],"plausible":[120],"results.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
