{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965904543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","title":"Bag of ARSRG Words (BoAW)","display_name":"Bag of ARSRG Words (BoAW)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965904543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","mag":"2965904543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make1030050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/1/3/50/pdf?version=1568082095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/1/3/50/pdf?version=1568082095","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011670526","display_name":"Mario Manzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-9865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127927624","display_name":"University of Naples - L'Orientale","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9h8k89","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127927624"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Manzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Services, University of Naples \u201cL\u2019Orientale\u201d, 80121 Naples, Italy","Information Technology Services, University of Naples \"L'Orientale\", 80121 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-9865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Services, University of Naples \u201cL\u2019Orientale\u201d, 80121 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127927624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Services, University of Naples \"L'Orientale\", 80121 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127927624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091589258","display_name":"Simone Pellino","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Pellino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secondary School Teacher of Computer Science, Mattei Istitute of Aversa, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secondary School Teacher of Computer Science, Mattei Istitute of Aversa, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011670526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127927624"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6127,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72441516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"871","last_page":"882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model-in-computer-vision","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","score":0.910169780254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.8267900943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model","display_name":"Bag-of-words model","score":0.695367693901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6911625862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6640128493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6316271424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5991904139518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5476074814796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word","display_name":"Visual Word","score":0.5018875598907471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49255117774009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4626207649707794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-context","display_name":"Shape context","score":0.46253517270088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.44821304082870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4443356692790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4170762300491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.3716246783733368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3461213707923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28291749954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.17690488696098328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.910169780254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.8267900943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13672336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3460803","display_name":"Bag-of-words model","level":2,"score":0.695367693901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6911625862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6640128493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6316271424293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5991904139518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5476074814796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.5018875598907471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49255117774009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4626207649707794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970395","display_name":"Shape context","level":3,"score":0.46253517270088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.44821304082870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4443356692790985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4170762300491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.3716246783733368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3461213707923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28291749954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.17690488696098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/make1030050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/1/3/50/pdf?version=1568082095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-4990/1/3/50/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:209340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/209340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/make1030050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make1030050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/1/3/50/pdf?version=1568082095","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213891","display_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","issn_l":"2504-4990","issn":["2504-4990"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965904543.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965904543.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218960830","https://openalex.org/W927703732","https://openalex.org/W1509525446","https://openalex.org/W1509693624","https://openalex.org/W1525765011","https://openalex.org/W1990797646","https://openalex.org/W2018245790","https://openalex.org/W2024662824","https://openalex.org/W2024762634","https://openalex.org/W2039465985","https://openalex.org/W2054455480","https://openalex.org/W2061710350","https://openalex.org/W2104019579","https://openalex.org/W2112074816","https://openalex.org/W2112973039","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2131792733","https://openalex.org/W2141377631","https://openalex.org/W2145862222","https://openalex.org/W2157788957","https://openalex.org/W2158377149","https://openalex.org/W2161523248","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2166049352","https://openalex.org/W2739205876","https://openalex.org/W2754759618","https://openalex.org/W2811411919","https://openalex.org/W2883730770","https://openalex.org/W2885887959","https://openalex.org/W2890274053","https://openalex.org/W2898981420","https://openalex.org/W2999729612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1615295117","https://openalex.org/W2158102958","https://openalex.org/W2277784908","https://openalex.org/W2938717424","https://openalex.org/W2045213079","https://openalex.org/W2035094092","https://openalex.org/W2350926174","https://openalex.org/W2179703327","https://openalex.org/W2473933584","https://openalex.org/W2412408867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,13],"recent":[1],"years":[2],"researchers":[3],"have":[4],"worked":[5],"to":[6],"understand":[7],"image":[8,78,115],"contents":[9],"in":[10,25,84,113],"computer":[11],"vision.":[12],"particular,":[14],"the":[15,35,43,50,97],"bag":[16,63],"of":[17,27,31,45,64,86,90,95],"visual":[18,32],"words":[19,74],"(BoVW)":[20],"model,":[21],"which":[22],"describes":[23],"images":[24,98],"terms":[26,85],"a":[28,59,82,87,93,102,107],"frequency":[29,88],"histogram":[30,89],"words,":[33],"is":[34,42,79,111,124],"most":[36],"adopted":[37],"paradigm.":[38],"The":[39],"main":[40],"drawback":[41],"lack":[44],"information":[46],"about":[47],"location":[48],"and":[49,121],"relationships":[51],"between":[52],"features.":[53],"For":[54],"this":[55],"purpose,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"new":[60],"paradigm":[61],"called":[62],"ARSRG":[65],"(attributed":[66],"relational":[67],"SIFT":[68],"(scale-invariant":[69],"feature":[70],"transform)":[71],"regions":[72],"graph)":[73],"(BoAW).":[75],"A":[76],"digital":[77],"described":[80],"as":[81],"vector":[83,103],"graphs.":[91],"Adopting":[92],"set":[94],"steps,":[96],"are":[99],"mapped":[100],"into":[101],"space":[104],"passing":[105],"through":[106,126],"graph":[108],"transformation.":[109],"BoAW":[110],"evaluated":[112],"an":[114],"classification":[116],"context":[117],"on":[118],"standard":[119],"datasets":[120],"its":[122],"effectiveness":[123],"demonstrated":[125],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"compared":[129],"with":[130],"well-known":[131],"competitors.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
