{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127951349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21020059","title":"Explainable Turkish E-Commerce Review Classification Using a Multi-Transformer Fusion Framework and SHAP Analysis","display_name":"Explainable Turkish E-Commerce Review Classification Using a Multi-Transformer Fusion Framework and SHAP Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127951349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21020059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer21020059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21020059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/21/2/59/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/21/2/59/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074641617","display_name":"S\u0131la \u00c7ET\u0130N","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103703290","display_name":"Sakarya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttnw109","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u0131la \u00c7etin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Computer and Informatics Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5342-2015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Computer and Informatics Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083863118","display_name":"Esin Ay\u015fe Zaimo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103703290","display_name":"Sakarya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttnw109","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esin Ay\u015fe Zaimo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Computer and Informatics Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-9868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Computer and Informatics Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103703290"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":12.1051,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96620443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.6061999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.6061999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.04749999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.6534000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agglutinative-language","display_name":"Agglutinative language","score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.6534000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80875076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171263","display_name":"Agglutinative language","level":3,"score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer21020059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21020059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/21/2/59/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c52b108eaf6e4b43b6427f174bbf90b4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c52b108eaf6e4b43b6427f174bbf90b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, Vol 21, Iss 2, p 59 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer21020059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21020059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/21/2/59/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127951349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127951349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971694273","https://openalex.org/W2073755771","https://openalex.org/W2769317996","https://openalex.org/W3133696950","https://openalex.org/W4293414344","https://openalex.org/W4383646066","https://openalex.org/W4387913024","https://openalex.org/W4391044563","https://openalex.org/W4396220505","https://openalex.org/W4401287360","https://openalex.org/W4404449731","https://openalex.org/W4407658132","https://openalex.org/W4407814249","https://openalex.org/W4409961811"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,161,216],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,17,24,61,131,159,182],"e-commerce":[4,42,69,221],"has":[5],"significantly":[6],"influenced":[7],"consumer":[8,57],"purchasing":[9],"behavior,":[10],"making":[11],"user":[12,232],"reviews":[13,28,43,65],"a":[14,95],"critical":[15],"source":[16],"product-related":[18],"information.":[19],"However,":[20],"the":[21,30,120,125,143,149,180,183,205],"large":[22],"volume":[23],"low-quality":[25],"and":[26,82,85,91,106,112,196,211,227,234],"superficial":[27],"limits":[29],"ability":[31],"to":[32,39,53,192],"obtain":[33],"reliable":[34],"insights.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37],"aims":[38],"classify":[40],"Turkish":[41,63,140],"as":[44,89,176],"either":[45],"useful":[46],"or":[47],"useless,":[48],"thereby":[49,230],"highlighting":[50],"high-quality":[51,226],"content":[52],"support":[54,220],"more":[55],"informed":[56],"decisions.":[58],"A":[59],"dataset":[60],"15,170":[62],"product":[64],"collected":[66],"from":[67],"major":[68],"platforms":[70,222],"was":[71,101,190],"analyzed":[72],"using":[73],"traditional":[74],"machine":[75],"learning":[76],"approaches,":[77],"including":[78],"Support":[79],"Vector":[80],"Machines":[81],"Logistic":[83,152],"Regression,":[84],"transformer-based":[86],"models":[87],"such":[88,175],"BERT":[90,105,141,150],"RoBERTa.":[92],"In":[93],"addition,":[94],"novel":[96],"Multi-Transformer":[97],"Fusion":[98],"Framework":[99],"(MTFF)":[100],"proposed":[102,184,217],"by":[103,223],"integrating":[104],"RoBERTa":[107],"representations":[108],"through":[109],"concatenation,":[110],"weighted-sum,":[111],"attention-based":[113],"fusion":[114,122],"strategies.":[115],"Experimental":[116],"results":[117],"demonstrated":[118],"that":[119,164,204],"concatenation-based":[121],"model":[123,201,206],"achieved":[124,142],"highest":[126],"performance":[127,145],"with":[128],"an":[129,157],"F1-score":[130,158],"91.75%,":[132],"outperforming":[133],"all":[134],"individual":[135],"models.":[136],"Among":[137],"standalone":[138],"models,":[139],"best":[144],"(F1:":[146],"89.37%),":[147],"while":[148],"+":[151],"Regression":[153],"hybrid":[154],"approach":[155,218],"yielded":[156],"88.47%.":[160],"findings":[162],"indicate":[163],"multi-transformer":[165],"architectures":[166],"substantially":[167],"enhance":[168],"classification":[169],"performance,":[170],"particularly":[171],"for":[172,200],"agglutinative":[173],"languages":[174],"Turkish.":[177],"To":[178],"improve":[179],"interpretability":[181],"framework,":[185],"SHAP":[186],"(SHapley":[187],"Additive":[188],"exPlanations)":[189],"employed":[191],"analyze":[193],"feature":[194],"contributions":[195],"provide":[197],"transparent":[198],"explanations":[199],"predictions,":[202],"revealing":[203],"primarily":[207],"relies":[208],"on":[209],"experience-oriented":[210],"semantically":[212],"meaningful":[213],"linguistic":[214],"cues.":[215],"can":[219],"automatically":[224],"prioritizing":[225],"informative":[228],"reviews,":[229],"improving":[231],"experience":[233],"decision-making":[235],"processes.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
