{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311784380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090","title":"Human Services or Non-Human Services? How Online Retailers Make Service Decisions","display_name":"Human Services or Non-Human Services? How Online Retailers Make Service Decisions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311784380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer17040090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/17/4/90/pdf?version=1670391582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/17/4/90/pdf?version=1670391582","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005603254","display_name":"Leilei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-9868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048871266","display_name":"Weiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-6955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102926450","display_name":"Minghui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048871266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":0.5636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73401658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1791","last_page":"1811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.7233383059501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.6062630414962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.5332875847816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.5031623244285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.49316757917404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-services","display_name":"Human services","score":0.44763901829719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4227394461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4154587388038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.35529613494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1703953742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10672220587730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07877641916275024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7233383059501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.6062630414962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5332875847816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5031623244285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49316757917404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181907467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027869","display_name":"Human services","level":2,"score":0.44763901829719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4227394461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4154587388038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.35529613494873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1703953742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10672220587730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07877641916275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer17040090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/17/4/90/pdf?version=1670391582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a44213a403c04c898eb54b534301dade","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a44213a403c04c898eb54b534301dade","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, Vol 17, Iss 4, Pp 1791-1811 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/0718-1876/17/4/90/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research; Volume 17; Issue 4; Pages: 1791-1811","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jtaer17040090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17040090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/17/4/90/pdf?version=1670391582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27967161","display_name":"Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research","issn_l":"0718-1876","issn":["0718-1876"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311784380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311784380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972677436","https://openalex.org/W2006540795","https://openalex.org/W2042593615","https://openalex.org/W2081733718","https://openalex.org/W2103284837","https://openalex.org/W2119406282","https://openalex.org/W2130836103","https://openalex.org/W2134680806","https://openalex.org/W2165669350","https://openalex.org/W2177636011","https://openalex.org/W2278884954","https://openalex.org/W2790708622","https://openalex.org/W2886990878","https://openalex.org/W2891894246","https://openalex.org/W2973005514","https://openalex.org/W3009620130","https://openalex.org/W3021909905","https://openalex.org/W3102296759","https://openalex.org/W3107108671","https://openalex.org/W3121473826","https://openalex.org/W3121991813","https://openalex.org/W3122348368","https://openalex.org/W3124562554","https://openalex.org/W3125170538","https://openalex.org/W3125738729","https://openalex.org/W3139298059","https://openalex.org/W3141714916","https://openalex.org/W3157151364","https://openalex.org/W3194422088","https://openalex.org/W3204816801","https://openalex.org/W4213195615","https://openalex.org/W4225014335","https://openalex.org/W4240491954","https://openalex.org/W4283212174","https://openalex.org/W6695107984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379999961","https://openalex.org/W2563340194","https://openalex.org/W2147227834","https://openalex.org/W2037045410","https://openalex.org/W1979439403","https://openalex.org/W2004593103","https://openalex.org/W2094607796","https://openalex.org/W2041728912","https://openalex.org/W2590970116","https://openalex.org/W2408530055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,14,19,27,40,44,47,63,75,91,117,120,134,155,168,187,195,198,207,211],"development":[2],"of":[3,16,21,26,39,49,65,119,124,137,158,172,197,210],"Internet":[4],"technology,":[5],"online":[6,31,34,59,67,83,88,92,126,141,160,173,178,192,200,213],"shopping":[7,35,68,84,127,161,179],"has":[8,23,57,164],"become":[9,24],"increasingly":[10],"popular.":[11],"Owing":[12],"to":[13,61,133,154,186,203],"improvement":[15,99],"living":[17],"standards,":[18],"quality":[20],"e-service":[22],"one":[25,38],"important":[28],"criteria":[29],"for":[30,87,111],"shopping,":[32],"with":[33],"consultation":[36,69,85,128,162,180],"being":[37],"key":[41],"services.":[42,70],"At":[43],"same":[45],"time,":[46],"emergence":[48],"new":[50,106],"technologies":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53],"Artificial":[54],"Intelligent":[55],"(AI)":[56],"allowed":[58],"retailers":[60,89,193],"increase":[62],"availability":[64],"non-human":[66,82,199],"Therefore,":[71],"this":[72,114],"paper":[73,115],"investigates":[74],"service":[76,122,135,144,156,202,208],"decision":[77],"problem":[78],"between":[79],"human":[80,112,125,138,159,177],"and":[81,101,130,170],"services":[86,129,139,163,181],"in":[90,104],"duopoly":[93],"market.":[94],"By":[95],"constructing":[96],"a":[97,105],"Hotelling":[98],"model":[100],"applying":[102],"it":[103],"way,":[107],"considering":[108],"consumer":[109],"preferences":[110],"services,":[113],"explores":[116],"impact":[118,166],"optimal":[121],"level":[123,136,157],"consumers\u2019":[131,152],"sensitivity":[132,153],"on":[140,167],"retailers\u2019":[142],"pricing,":[143],"decisions,":[145],"etc.":[146],"Our":[147],"research":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"an":[165],"demand":[169],"profit":[171],"retailers.":[174],"In":[175],"addition,":[176],"are":[182],"not":[183],"always":[184],"beneficial":[185],"profitability.":[188],"Furthermore,":[189],"when":[190],"two":[191],"compete,":[194],"utility":[196],"retailer\u2019s":[201],"consumers":[204],"can":[205],"influence":[206],"decisions":[209],"other":[212],"retailer.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00"}