{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909667472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","title":"Fusing Thermopile Infrared Sensor Data for Single Component Activity Recognition within a Smart Environment","display_name":"Fusing Thermopile Infrared Sensor Data for Single Component Activity Recognition within a Smart Environment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909667472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","mag":"2909667472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan8010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/8/1/10/pdf?version=1547790678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/8/1/10/pdf?version=1547790678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069915268","display_name":"Matthew Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8931-2454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073991","display_name":"Philip Morrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Morrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021247547","display_name":"Chris Nugent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Nugent","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022378204","display_name":"Sally McClean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-3504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sally McClean","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021247547","https://openalex.org/A5022378204","https://openalex.org/A5064073991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.2488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90546911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermopile","display_name":"Thermopile","score":0.9959351420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7430441975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.6301327347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.578065812587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.529896080493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44926971197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4402018189430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35408228635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0912255048751831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47279676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915693","display_name":"Thermopile","level":3,"score":0.9959351420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7430441975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.6301327347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.578065812587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.529896080493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44926971197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4402018189430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35408228635787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0912255048751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan8010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/8/1/10/pdf?version=1547790678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/0b4ed2ad-9153-4499-9090-8b1aa7bde6a8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/0b4ed2ad-9153-4499-9090-8b1aa7bde6a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Burns, M, Morrow, PJ, Nugent, CD & McClean, S I 2019, 'Fusing Thermopile Infrared Sensor Data for Single Component Activity Recognition within a Smart Environment', Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, vol. 8, no. 1, 10, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0b4ed2ad-9153-4499-9090-8b1aa7bde6a8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060515668&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/0b4ed2ad-9153-4499-9090-8b1aa7bde6a8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Burns , M , Morrow , PJ , Nugent , CD & McClean , S I 2019 , ' Fusing Thermopile Infrared Sensor Data for Single Component Activity Recognition within a Smart Environment ' , Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks , vol. 8 , no. 1 , 10 , pp. 1-16 . https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e05375d0a00b427082ff074e522a7b1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e05375d0a00b427082ff074e522a7b1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2224-2708/8/1/10/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan8010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8010010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/8/1/10/pdf?version=1547790678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909667472.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909667472.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192754959","https://openalex.org/W1556801288","https://openalex.org/W1575431606","https://openalex.org/W1982447776","https://openalex.org/W1984798172","https://openalex.org/W1999762278","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2148836549","https://openalex.org/W2586791082","https://openalex.org/W2616238117","https://openalex.org/W2749794192","https://openalex.org/W2762632219","https://openalex.org/W6607811867","https://openalex.org/W6729270952","https://openalex.org/W6745105866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598554143","https://openalex.org/W1497220320","https://openalex.org/W4319301974","https://openalex.org/W4328092585","https://openalex.org/W2895400523","https://openalex.org/W2072051682","https://openalex.org/W1551902208","https://openalex.org/W2515506503","https://openalex.org/W1973568336","https://openalex.org/W2046349245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,121],"provide":[1],"accurate":[2,51],"activity":[3,52,179],"recognition":[4,53,180],"within":[5,154],"a":[6,25,33,71,91,103,144,155],"smart":[7,34],"environment,":[8,35],"visible":[9,38],"spectrum":[10,39],"cameras":[11],"can":[12,117,127,181],"be":[13,46,119,128,182],"used":[14,129,164],"as":[15,75],"data":[16,80],"capture":[17,138],"devices":[18],"in":[19,32,64],"solution":[20],"applications.":[21],"Privacy,":[22],"however,":[23],"is":[24,54,62,163],"significant":[26],"concern":[27],"with":[28,37,158],"regards":[29],"to":[30,137,165],"monitoring":[31],"particularly":[36],"cameras.":[40],"Their":[41],"use,":[42],"therefore,":[43],"may":[44],"not":[45],"ideal.":[47],"The":[48,105,151,170],"need":[49],"for":[50,101,130,178],"still":[55],"required":[56],"and":[57],"so":[58],"an":[59,133],"unobtrusive":[60],"approach":[61],"addressed":[63],"this":[65,131],"research":[66],"highlighting":[67],"the":[68,76,85,159,168],"use":[69],"of":[70,79,84,99,112,143],"thermopile":[72,92,124,186],"infrared":[73,93,125,187],"sensor":[74,94],"sole":[77],"means":[78],"collection.":[81],"Image":[82],"frames":[83,107,142],"monitored":[86],"scene":[87],"are":[88],"acquired":[89],"from":[90],"that":[95,173],"only":[96,185],"highlights":[97],"sources":[98],"heat,":[100],"example,":[102],"person.":[104],"recorded":[106],"feature":[108],"no":[109],"discernable":[110],"characteristics":[111],"people;":[113],"hence":[114],"privacy":[115],"concerns":[116],"successfully":[118],"alleviated.":[120],"demonstrate":[122],"how":[123],"sensors":[126],"task,":[132],"experiment":[134],"was":[135],"conducted":[136],"almost":[139],"600":[140],"thermal":[141],"person":[145],"performing":[146],"four":[147],"single":[148],"component":[149],"activities.":[150],"person\u2019s":[152],"position":[153],"room,":[156],"along":[157],"action":[160],"being":[161],"performed,":[162],"appropriately":[166],"predict":[167],"activity.":[169],"results":[171],"demonstrated":[172],"high":[174],"accuracy":[175],"levels,":[176],"91.47%,":[177],"obtained":[183],"using":[184],"sensors.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}