{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416296023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060110","title":"Data-Driven, Real-Time Diagnostics of 5G and Wi-Fi Networks Using Mobile Robotics","display_name":"Data-Driven, Real-Time Diagnostics of 5G and Wi-Fi Networks Using Mobile Robotics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416296023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/110/pdf?version=1763377292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/110/pdf?version=1763377292","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101499990","display_name":"William O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-8530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William O\u2019Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-8530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082737244","display_name":"Adam Dooley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Dooley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007176322","display_name":"Mihai Penica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-7617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai Penica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-7617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019431888","display_name":"Sean McGrath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-2265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean McGrath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052374790","display_name":"Eoin O\u2019Connell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-140X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eoin O\u2019Connell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3173-140X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101499990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.0581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83982075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"110","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.23149999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.19990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.12319999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roaming","display_name":"Roaming","score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-internet","display_name":"Industrial Internet","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.3822000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194498986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680016","display_name":"Roaming","level":2,"score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202839342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740481","display_name":"Industrial Internet","level":3,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/110/pdf?version=1763377292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e44096b1ec6489db7a07aa2e37707c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e44096b1ec6489db7a07aa2e37707c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 110 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ul.ie:10344/31548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10344/31548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401530","display_name":"University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","host_organization_name":"University of Limerick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060110","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/110/pdf?version=1763377292","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G606959278","display_name":"Confirm Centre for Smart Manufacturing","funder_award_id":"16/RC/3918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320862","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416296023.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416296023.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166580595","https://openalex.org/W2613625031","https://openalex.org/W2772471775","https://openalex.org/W3116694549","https://openalex.org/W3154279060","https://openalex.org/W3167559865","https://openalex.org/W3196647046","https://openalex.org/W3214046283","https://openalex.org/W4281555301","https://openalex.org/W4293095117","https://openalex.org/W4312309182","https://openalex.org/W4313000150","https://openalex.org/W4378716681","https://openalex.org/W4378907314","https://openalex.org/W4381786608","https://openalex.org/W4382935135","https://openalex.org/W4384519307","https://openalex.org/W4385731063","https://openalex.org/W4388095800","https://openalex.org/W4398249966","https://openalex.org/W4402597395","https://openalex.org/W4405974458","https://openalex.org/W4410227657","https://openalex.org/W4412482620","https://openalex.org/W4414035208"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"connectivity":[1,168],"plays":[2],"a":[3,22,42,176],"pivotal":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,41,92,184],"enabling":[7,97],"real-time":[8,31],"telemetry,":[9],"sensor":[10],"feedback,":[11],"and":[12,38,59,70,82,89,118,142,148,159,166,187,196],"autonomous":[13],"navigation":[14],"within":[15],"Industry":[16],"4.0":[17],"environments.":[18],"This":[19,173],"paper":[20],"presents":[21],"ROS":[23],"2-based":[24],"mobile":[25,181],"robotic":[26],"platform":[27,108],"designed":[28],"to":[29,135],"perform":[30],"network":[32,123,182],"diagnostics":[33],"across":[34],"both":[35],"private":[36],"5G":[37,149,163],"Wi-Fi":[39,147,154],"technologies":[40],"live":[43,98],"smart":[44],"manufacturing":[45],"testbed.":[46],"The":[47],"system":[48],"integrates":[49],"high-frequency":[50],"telemetry":[51],"acquisition":[52],"with":[53],"spatial":[54],"localization,":[55],"multi-protocol":[56],"connection":[57],"analysis,":[58],"detailed":[60],"performance":[61],"monitoring.":[62],"Metrics":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65],"latency,":[66],"packet":[67,140,160],"loss,":[68,141,161],"bandwidth,":[69],"IIoT":[71],"(Industrial":[72],"Internet":[73],"of":[74,106,122],"Things)":[75],"data":[76],"stream":[77],"health":[78],"are":[79],"continuously":[80],"logged":[81],"analysed.":[83],"Telemetry":[84],"is":[85,109],"captured":[86],"during":[87],"motion":[88],"synchronously":[90],"stored":[91],"an":[93],"InfluxDB":[94],"time-series":[95],"database,":[96],"visualization":[99],"through":[100],"Grafana":[101],"dashboards.":[102],"A":[103],"key":[104],"feature":[105],"the":[107,132,170],"its":[110],"dual-path":[111],"transmission":[112],"architecture,":[113],"which":[114],"provides":[115,188],"communication":[116],"redundancy":[117],"allows":[119],"side-by-side":[120],"evaluation":[121,183],"behaviour":[124],"under":[125],"identical":[126],"physical":[127],"conditions.":[128],"Experimental":[129],"trials":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"platform\u2019s":[133],"ability":[134],"detect":[136],"roaming":[137],"events,":[138],"characterize":[139],"reveal":[143],"latency":[144],"differences":[145],"between":[146],"networks.":[150],"Results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"suffered":[155],"from":[156],"roaming-induced":[157],"instability":[158],"whereas":[162],"maintained":[164],"stable":[165],"uninterrupted":[167],"throughout":[169],"test":[171],"area.":[172],"work":[174],"introduces":[175],"modular,":[177],"extensible":[178],"framework":[179],"for":[180,191],"industrial":[185],"settings":[186],"practical":[189],"insights":[190],"infrastructure":[192],"tuning,":[193],"protocol":[194],"selection,":[195],"wireless":[197],"fault":[198],"detection.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}