{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415683581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060106","title":"Improving Audio Steganography Transmission over Various Wireless Channels","display_name":"Improving Audio Steganography Transmission over Various Wireless Channels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415683581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/106/pdf?version=1761792846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/106/pdf?version=1761792846","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077960936","display_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058605834","display_name":"Asmaa A. Eyssa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa A. Eyssa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Communications, Zagazig Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications, Zagazig Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990","https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102297920","display_name":"Mahmoud I. Abdalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud I. Abdalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038150152","display_name":"Mohammed ElAffendi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed ElAffendi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083471183","display_name":"Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-4180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-4180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047571247","display_name":"Abdelhamied A. Ateya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-9612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhamied A. Ateya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-9612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080670092","display_name":"Rania A. Elsayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania A. Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-3071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047571247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983","https://openalex.org/I192398990"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27796268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"106","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.7348999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.35010001063346863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.7348999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87687168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173114","display_name":"Digital audio","level":4,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/106/pdf?version=1761792846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a91bd19f6b194ab4b101946fd6e443d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a91bd19f6b194ab4b101946fd6e443d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 106 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14060106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14060106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/6/106/pdf?version=1761792846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415683581.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973109194","https://openalex.org/W3014042183","https://openalex.org/W3087630949","https://openalex.org/W3091793259","https://openalex.org/W3094407996","https://openalex.org/W3127945325","https://openalex.org/W3133299745","https://openalex.org/W3149654899","https://openalex.org/W3152760330","https://openalex.org/W3163155396","https://openalex.org/W4214703277","https://openalex.org/W4220962397","https://openalex.org/W4226445534","https://openalex.org/W4280554660","https://openalex.org/W4293225790","https://openalex.org/W4391936049","https://openalex.org/W4394683759","https://openalex.org/W4399953011","https://openalex.org/W4400275368","https://openalex.org/W4400596626","https://openalex.org/W4402901704","https://openalex.org/W4405965359","https://openalex.org/W4406241408","https://openalex.org/W4407948341","https://openalex.org/W4409280437","https://openalex.org/W4409762514","https://openalex.org/W4409911039","https://openalex.org/W4411270905","https://openalex.org/W4411840436","https://openalex.org/W4411865836"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"the":[1,52,108,121,150,155,179,182,204,257,291],"security":[2],"and":[3,40,57,73,166,215,222,250,270,289],"privacy":[4],"of":[5,67,81,93,120,154,181,203,207],"confidential":[6],"data":[7,69],"during":[8],"transmission":[9],"is":[10,280,290],"a":[11,23,90],"critical":[12],"challenge,":[13],"necessitating":[14],"advanced":[15],"techniques":[16,62],"to":[17,29,86,174,195,218,255,283],"protect":[18],"against":[19],"unwarranted":[20],"disclosures.":[21],"Steganography,":[22],"concealment":[24],"technique,":[25],"enables":[26],"secret":[27,157,184],"information":[28],"be":[30],"embedded":[31],"in":[32,75,159,169,186,231],"seemingly":[33],"harmless":[34],"carriers":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"images,":[38],"audio,":[39],"video.":[41],"This":[42],"work":[43],"proposes":[44],"two":[45,122],"secure":[46,124,295],"audio":[47,76,158,206,296],"steganography":[48,205,297],"models":[49,125,228],"based":[50],"on":[51,88,103,115,298],"least":[53],"significant":[54],"bit":[55],"(LSB)":[56],"discrete":[58],"wavelet":[59],"transform":[60],"(DWT)":[61],"for":[63,294],"concealing":[64],"different":[65],"types":[66],"multimedia":[68,94],"(i.e.,":[70],"text,":[71],"image,":[72],"audio)":[74],"files,":[77],"representing":[78],"an":[79,232],"enhancement":[80],"current":[82],"research":[83],"that":[84,149,276],"tends":[85],"focus":[87],"embedding":[89,105],"single":[91],"type":[92],"data.":[95],"The":[96,118,131,198,273],"first":[97],"model":[98,100,110,112,161,171,188,209,220,278],"(secured":[99,111],"(1))":[101],"focuses":[102,114],"high":[104],"capacity,":[106],"while":[107],"second":[109],"(2))":[113],"improved":[116,191,212],"security.":[117],"performance":[119],"proposed":[123],"was":[126,134,190,211,261],"tested":[127],"under":[128],"various":[129,240],"conditions.":[130],"models\u2019":[132],"robustness":[133],"greatly":[135],"enhanced":[136],"using":[137],"convolutional":[138,271],"encoding":[139],"with":[140,263],"binary":[141],"phase":[142,265],"shift":[143,266],"keying":[144,267],"(BPSK).":[145],"Experimental":[146],"results":[147,274],"indicated":[148],"correlation":[151],"coefficient":[152],"(Cr)":[153],"extracted":[156,183],"secured":[160,170,187,208,219,277],"(1)":[162,189,210,279],"increased":[163],"by":[164,167,192,213,286],"18.88%":[165],"16.18%":[168],"(2)":[172,221],"compared":[173,194,217],"existing":[175,196],"methods.":[176,197],"In":[177,253],"addition,":[178],"Cr":[180],"image":[185],"0.1%":[193],"peak":[199],"signal-to-noise":[200],"ratio":[201],"(PSNR)":[202],"49.95%":[214],"14.44%":[216],"previous":[223],"work,":[224],"respectively.":[225],"Furthermore,":[226],"both":[227],"were":[229],"evaluated":[230],"orthogonal":[233],"frequency":[234],"division":[235],"multiplexing":[236],"(OFDM)":[237],"system":[238,258],"over":[239],"wireless":[241,287],"channels,":[242],"i.e.,":[243],"Additive":[244],"White":[245],"Gaussian":[246],"Noise":[247],"(AWGN),":[248],"fading,":[249],"SUI-6":[251],"channels.":[252,301],"order":[254],"enhance":[256],"performance,":[259],"OFDM":[260],"combined":[262],"differential":[264],"(DPSK)":[268],"modulation":[269],"coding.":[272],"demonstrate":[275],"highly":[281],"immune":[282],"noise":[284],"generated":[285],"channels":[288],"optimum":[292],"technique":[293],"noisy":[299],"communication":[300]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}