{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408505030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14020030","title":"Key Enabling Technologies for 6G: The Role of UAVs, Terahertz Communication, and Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces in Shaping the Future of Wireless Networks","display_name":"Key Enabling Technologies for 6G: The Role of UAVs, Terahertz Communication, and Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces in Shaping the Future of Wireless Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408505030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14020030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/2/30/pdf?version=1742214805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/2/30/pdf?version=1742214805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116650219","display_name":"Wagdy M. Othman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wagdy M. Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5834-9221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047571247","display_name":"Abdelhamied A. Ateya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-9612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhamied A. Ateya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-9612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027687158","display_name":"Mohamed E. Nasr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21376657","display_name":"Tanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jp5b92","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed E. Nasr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024357714","display_name":"Ammar Muthanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-8145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126527374","display_name":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn9h927","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126527374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Muthanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia","Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-8145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126527374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038150152","display_name":"Mohammed ElAffendi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed ElAffendi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018187110","display_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077960936","display_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047571247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983","https://openalex.org/I192398990"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":32.8567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99876973,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"30","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.8370296955108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.8027598857879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7667834758758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6825948357582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4105868935585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38289469480514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19076630473136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.09423980116844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.09340733289718628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.8370296955108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.8027598857879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667834758758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6825948357582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4105868935585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38289469480514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19076630473136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.09423980116844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.09340733289718628}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/2/30/pdf?version=1742214805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e521c39067af4d28802ef79a563565b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e521c39067af4d28802ef79a563565b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/2/30/pdf?version=1742214805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5786503664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"075-15-2022-1137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","funder_display_name":"Prince Sultan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408505030.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":178,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970026438","https://openalex.org/W2990239129","https://openalex.org/W3011296336","https://openalex.org/W3021201638","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3042279443","https://openalex.org/W3043040891","https://openalex.org/W3047442547","https://openalex.org/W3082337586","https://openalex.org/W3090694330","https://openalex.org/W3095341737","https://openalex.org/W3109465731","https://openalex.org/W3120199342","https://openalex.org/W3121038557","https://openalex.org/W3130503957","https://openalex.org/W3133205562","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3136841479","https://openalex.org/W3160568401","https://openalex.org/W3173802544","https://openalex.org/W3177472323","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3188099725","https://openalex.org/W3193637561","https://openalex.org/W3198682756","https://openalex.org/W3199676188","https://openalex.org/W3200723785","https://openalex.org/W3211928809","https://openalex.org/W3213413164","https://openalex.org/W4200323219","https://openalex.org/W4205724329","https://openalex.org/W4206658479","https://openalex.org/W4210673662","https://openalex.org/W4213179670","https://openalex.org/W4214908639","https://openalex.org/W4223974641","https://openalex.org/W4224304198","https://openalex.org/W4224330100","https://openalex.org/W4225479019","https://openalex.org/W4225616379","https://openalex.org/W4225747846","https://openalex.org/W4225824654","https://openalex.org/W4226020757","https://openalex.org/W4226066314","https://openalex.org/W4229440363","https://openalex.org/W4281739447","https://openalex.org/W4282970004","https://openalex.org/W4285114087","https://openalex.org/W4285115589","https://openalex.org/W4285117372","https://openalex.org/W4285203159","https://openalex.org/W4285326668","https://openalex.org/W4286357872","https://openalex.org/W4290716979","https://openalex.org/W4290996464","https://openalex.org/W4292348061","https://openalex.org/W4295846873","https://openalex.org/W4306404986","https://openalex.org/W4306971061","https://openalex.org/W4308089118","https://openalex.org/W4310055004","https://openalex.org/W4311012019","https://openalex.org/W4312561237","https://openalex.org/W4312576847","https://openalex.org/W4312924812","https://openalex.org/W4313639421","https://openalex.org/W4313893474","https://openalex.org/W4317881096","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4323849318","https://openalex.org/W4324134909","https://openalex.org/W4328023938","https://openalex.org/W4362576256","https://openalex.org/W4367281752","https://openalex.org/W4377011811","https://openalex.org/W4380303648","https://openalex.org/W4381331133","https://openalex.org/W4381786828","https://openalex.org/W4384158362","https://openalex.org/W4384824250","https://openalex.org/W4385453272","https://openalex.org/W4385487661","https://openalex.org/W4385517050","https://openalex.org/W4385872036","https://openalex.org/W4386431815","https://openalex.org/W4386736487","https://openalex.org/W4386736948","https://openalex.org/W4387417183","https://openalex.org/W4387449357","https://openalex.org/W4387453931","https://openalex.org/W4387490396","https://openalex.org/W4387587925","https://openalex.org/W4387914790","https://openalex.org/W4388505175","https://openalex.org/W4388726323","https://openalex.org/W4388895184","https://openalex.org/W4389579542","https://openalex.org/W4389627500","https://openalex.org/W4390075405","https://openalex.org/W4390234869","https://openalex.org/W4390331307","https://openalex.org/W4390603799","https://openalex.org/W4390818601","https://openalex.org/W4391019653","https://openalex.org/W4391067329","https://openalex.org/W4391229771","https://openalex.org/W4391248986","https://openalex.org/W4391305431","https://openalex.org/W4391326509","https://openalex.org/W4391407035","https://openalex.org/W4391547852","https://openalex.org/W4391579468","https://openalex.org/W4391697032","https://openalex.org/W4391888875","https://openalex.org/W4391934399","https://openalex.org/W4392246655","https://openalex.org/W4392251891","https://openalex.org/W4392309211","https://openalex.org/W4392943928","https://openalex.org/W4393032565","https://openalex.org/W4393325704","https://openalex.org/W4393864584","https://openalex.org/W4394586155","https://openalex.org/W4394744873","https://openalex.org/W4394842485","https://openalex.org/W4394939041","https://openalex.org/W4395097214","https://openalex.org/W4396667066","https://openalex.org/W4396790073","https://openalex.org/W4396852905","https://openalex.org/W4396881130","https://openalex.org/W4398199908","https://openalex.org/W4399358755","https://openalex.org/W4399485340","https://openalex.org/W4399618672","https://openalex.org/W4399906977","https://openalex.org/W4400111823","https://openalex.org/W4400188118","https://openalex.org/W4400188352","https://openalex.org/W4400487815","https://openalex.org/W4401016692","https://openalex.org/W4401163892","https://openalex.org/W4401210798","https://openalex.org/W4401387030","https://openalex.org/W4401461790","https://openalex.org/W4401567242","https://openalex.org/W4401634022","https://openalex.org/W4401847566","https://openalex.org/W4401990866","https://openalex.org/W4402039440","https://openalex.org/W4402112828","https://openalex.org/W4402172474","https://openalex.org/W4402300994","https://openalex.org/W4402809349","https://openalex.org/W4402809756","https://openalex.org/W4402811797","https://openalex.org/W4403332135","https://openalex.org/W4403977067","https://openalex.org/W4404035560","https://openalex.org/W4404057002","https://openalex.org/W4404101446","https://openalex.org/W4404587146","https://openalex.org/W4404941463","https://openalex.org/W4405219418","https://openalex.org/W4405489101","https://openalex.org/W4405518099","https://openalex.org/W4405718149","https://openalex.org/W4405851862","https://openalex.org/W4406861162","https://openalex.org/W4407950015","https://openalex.org/W6785064875","https://openalex.org/W6788265192","https://openalex.org/W6841989696","https://openalex.org/W6845393690","https://openalex.org/W6859342502","https://openalex.org/W6864183429","https://openalex.org/W7064107102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sixth-generation":[0],"(6G)":[1],"wireless":[2,69],"networks":[3],"have":[4],"the":[5,63,118,182],"potential":[6,179],"to":[7,181],"transform":[8],"global":[9],"connectivity":[10],"by":[11],"supporting":[12],"ultra-high":[13,123],"data":[14,128],"rates,":[15],"ultra-reliable":[16],"low":[17],"latency":[18],"communication":[19,93,97,114],"(uRLLC),":[20],"and":[21,40,52,65,86,102,110,134,155,170,198,201,207],"intelligent,":[22,185],"adaptive":[23],"networking.":[24],"To":[25],"realize":[26],"this":[27],"vision,":[28],"6G":[29,90,187],"must":[30],"incorporate":[31],"groundbreaking":[32],"technologies":[33],"that":[34],"enhance":[35],"network":[36],"efficiency,":[37],"spectral":[38],"utilization,":[39],"dynamic":[41],"adaptability.":[42],"Among":[43],"them,":[44],"unmanned":[45],"aerial":[46],"vehicles":[47],"(UAVs),":[48],"terahertz":[49],"(THz)":[50],"communication,":[51],"intelligent":[53],"reconfigurable":[54],"surfaces":[55],"(IRSs)":[56],"are":[57],"three":[58],"major":[59],"enablers":[60],"in":[61,98,117,139,158,173],"redefining":[62],"architecture":[64],"performance":[66],"of":[67,77,126,130,184],"next-generation":[68],"systems.":[70],"This":[71],"survey":[72],"provides":[73,94,163,202],"a":[74,104,127],"comprehensive":[75],"review":[76],"these":[78,175],"transformative":[79],"technologies,":[80,176],"exploring":[81],"their":[82,178],"potential,":[83],"design":[84],"challenges,":[85],"integration":[87],"into":[88],"future":[89,199],"ecosystems.":[91],"UAV-based":[92],"flexible,":[95],"on-demand":[96],"remote,":[99],"harsh":[100],"areas":[101],"is":[103],"vital":[105],"solution":[106],"for":[107,204],"disasters,":[108],"self-driving,":[109],"industrial":[111],"automation.":[112],"THz":[113,120],"taking":[115],"place":[116],"0.1\u201310":[119],"band":[121],"reveals":[122],"bandwidth":[124],"capable":[125],"rate":[129],"multi-gigabits":[131],"per":[132],"second":[133],"can":[135],"avoid":[136],"spectrum":[137],"bottlenecks":[138],"conventional":[140],"bands.":[141],"IRS":[142],"technology":[143],"based":[144],"on":[145],"programmable":[146],"metasurface":[147],"allows":[148],"real-time":[149],"wavefront":[150],"control,":[151],"maximizing":[152],"signal":[153],"propagation":[154],"spectral/energy":[156],"efficiency":[157],"complex":[159],"settings.":[160],"The":[161],"work":[162],"architectural":[164],"evolution,":[165],"active":[166],"current":[167],"research":[168,194],"trends,":[169],"practical":[171],"issues":[172],"applying":[174],"including":[177],"contribution":[180],"creation":[183],"ultra-connected":[186],"networks.":[188],"In":[189],"addition,":[190],"it":[191],"presents":[192],"open":[193],"questions,":[195],"possible":[196],"answers,":[197],"directions":[200],"information":[203],"academia,":[205],"industry,":[206],"policymakers.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}