{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407410380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010020","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Hybrid Precoding for Efficient Mm-Wave Multi-User MIMO Systems","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Hybrid Precoding for Efficient Mm-Wave Multi-User MIMO Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407410380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/20/pdf?version=1739352678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/20/pdf?version=1739352678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adeb Salh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeb Salh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-0938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039678928","display_name":"Mohammed A. Alhartomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-8864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Alhartomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia","Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-8864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078203494","display_name":"Ghasan Ali Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-4708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47229656","display_name":"University of Kufa","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwrdh81","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47229656"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghasan Ali Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-4708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47229656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089755747","display_name":"Chang Jing Jing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Jing Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022495438","display_name":"Nor Shahida Mohd Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-0426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Shahida M. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-0426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066924300","display_name":"Saeed Alzahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-857X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024120247","display_name":"Ruwaybih Alsulami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruwaybih Alsulami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022836830","display_name":"Saad Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3072-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083480183","display_name":"Ahmad Hakimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Hakimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040277167","display_name":"Fares S. Almehmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-9712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fares S. Almehmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-9712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039678928","https://openalex.org/A5089755747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486","https://openalex.org/I931681460"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":8.7532,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97860955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8767819404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.8594713807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8036988377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.637987494468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4375873804092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23834791779518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07225823402404785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8767819404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.8594713807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8036988377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.637987494468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4375873804092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23834791779518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07225823402404785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/20/pdf?version=1739352678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.uthm.edu.my:12720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400770","display_name":"UTHM Institutional Repository (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","host_organization_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7849302871bc47c0958e6ada649e3bb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7849302871bc47c0958e6ada649e3bb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 20 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/20/pdf?version=1739352678","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310112","display_name":"Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321398","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407410380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407410380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2003330667","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2299805852","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2475831358","https://openalex.org/W2481565790","https://openalex.org/W2584943905","https://openalex.org/W2589785008","https://openalex.org/W2736402963","https://openalex.org/W2750570659","https://openalex.org/W2754611069","https://openalex.org/W2763616230","https://openalex.org/W2785231497","https://openalex.org/W2886124254","https://openalex.org/W2888108833","https://openalex.org/W2905258433","https://openalex.org/W2909191390","https://openalex.org/W2909794597","https://openalex.org/W2921249377","https://openalex.org/W2943928690","https://openalex.org/W2946789853","https://openalex.org/W2955103784","https://openalex.org/W2959557487","https://openalex.org/W2961931125","https://openalex.org/W2963101290","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963408536","https://openalex.org/W2963408914","https://openalex.org/W2968233507","https://openalex.org/W2968996212","https://openalex.org/W2988443912","https://openalex.org/W2996745449","https://openalex.org/W3011676575","https://openalex.org/W3032666109","https://openalex.org/W3035499417","https://openalex.org/W3037172345","https://openalex.org/W3038082668","https://openalex.org/W3039366958","https://openalex.org/W3081258430","https://openalex.org/W3108274058","https://openalex.org/W3119458351","https://openalex.org/W3128604180","https://openalex.org/W3142034154","https://openalex.org/W3142457648","https://openalex.org/W3177322353","https://openalex.org/W3180688686","https://openalex.org/W3209527370","https://openalex.org/W3215958523","https://openalex.org/W4206157788","https://openalex.org/W4210625201","https://openalex.org/W4282928345","https://openalex.org/W4285228798","https://openalex.org/W4286255078","https://openalex.org/W4308427291","https://openalex.org/W4308949524","https://openalex.org/W4312902835","https://openalex.org/W4313013579","https://openalex.org/W4323767307","https://openalex.org/W4327808052","https://openalex.org/W4381847912","https://openalex.org/W4391547876","https://openalex.org/W4399012139","https://openalex.org/W6744259631","https://openalex.org/W6771997872","https://openalex.org/W6840537420","https://openalex.org/W6854462113","https://openalex.org/W7037417871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W4366493479","https://openalex.org/W2905893439","https://openalex.org/W3135374966","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"route":[1],"loss":[2],"and":[3,41,83,91,104,128,153,178,245],"line-of-sight":[4],"requirements":[5],"are":[6,17],"two":[7],"of":[8,12,151,185],"the":[9,25,170,183,222],"fundamental":[10],"challenges":[11],"millimeter-wave":[13],"(mm-wave)":[14],"communications":[15],"that":[16,77,197,235],"mitigated":[18],"by":[19,135,161,180,220,225],"incorporating":[20,162],"sensor":[21],"technology.":[22],"Sensing":[23],"gives":[24],"deep":[26],"reinforcement":[27],"learning":[28,137],"(DRL)":[29],"agent":[30],"comprehensive":[31],"environmental":[32,142],"feedback,":[33],"which":[34,108],"helps":[35],"it":[36],"better":[37],"predict":[38],"channel":[39,84],"fluctuations":[40],"modify":[42],"beam":[43,158,165,199],"patterns":[44],"accordingly.":[45],"For":[46],"multi-user":[47],"massive":[48],"multiple-input":[49],"multiple-output":[50],"(mMIMO)":[51],"systems,":[52],"hybrid":[53,73],"precoding":[54,74,139],"requires":[55],"sophisticated":[56],"real-time":[57],"low-complexity":[58],"power":[59,217],"allocation":[60],"(PA)":[61],"approaches":[62],"to":[63,101,119,231],"achieve":[64,240],"near-optimal":[65],"capacity.":[66],"This":[67,145],"study":[68],"presents":[69],"a":[70,241],"unique":[71],"angular-based":[72],"(AB-HP)":[75],"framework":[76],"minimizes":[78],"radio":[79],"frequency":[80],"(RF)":[81],"chain":[82,117],"estimation":[85],"while":[86,123,155,208],"optimizing":[87],"energy":[88,129],"efficiency":[89,93],"(EE)":[90],"spectral":[92],"(SE).":[94],"DRL":[95,114],"is":[96],"essential":[97],"for":[98,205],"mm-wave":[99,212],"technology":[100],"make":[102],"adaptive":[103],"intelligent":[105],"decision-making":[106],"possible,":[107],"effectively":[109],"transforms":[110],"wireless":[111],"communication":[112],"systems.":[113],"optimizes":[115],"RF":[116,187],"usage":[118],"maintain":[120],"excellent":[121],"SE":[122,154,210,223],"drastically":[124,156],"lowering":[125,157],"hardware":[126],"complexity":[127],"consumption":[130,218],"in":[131,169,189,211,247],"an":[132],"AB-HP":[133],"architecture":[134],"dynamically":[136,181],"optimal":[138],"methods":[140],"using":[141],"angular":[143],"information.":[144],"article":[146],"proposes":[147],"enabling":[148],"dual":[149],"optimization":[150],"EE":[152,203,246],"training":[159,166,200],"overhead":[160],"maximum":[163],"reward":[164],"driven":[167],"(RBT)":[168],"DRL.":[171],"The":[172,193],"proposed":[173],"RBT-DRL":[174],"improves":[175,224],"system":[176],"performance":[177,204,244],"flexibility":[179],"modifying":[182],"number":[184],"active":[186],"chains":[188],"dynamic":[190],"network":[191],"situations.":[192],"simulation":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"RBT-DRL-driven":[198],"guarantees":[201],"good":[202],"mobile":[206],"users":[207],"increasing":[209,227],"structures.":[213],"Even":[214],"though":[215],"total":[216],"rises":[219],"45%,":[221],"39%,":[226],"from":[228],"14":[229],"dB":[230],"20":[232],"dB,":[233],"suggesting":[234],"this":[236],"strategy":[237],"could":[238],"successfully":[239],"balance":[242],"between":[243],"upcoming":[248],"B5G":[249],"networks.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
