{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405934401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010004","title":"An Efficient Communication Protocol for Real-Time Body Sensor Data Acquisition and Feedback in Interactive Wearable Systems","display_name":"An Efficient Communication Protocol for Real-Time Body Sensor Data Acquisition and Feedback in Interactive Wearable Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405934401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/4/pdf?version=1735546337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/4/pdf?version=1735546337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029664429","display_name":"Armands Anc\u0101ns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-0042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162447","display_name":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsp2531","country_code":"LV","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447","https://openalex.org/I70055295"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armands Ancans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-0042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072892931","display_name":"Modris Greit\u0101ns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-0738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162447","display_name":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsp2531","country_code":"LV","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447","https://openalex.org/I70055295"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Modris Greitans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-0738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115719879","display_name":"Sandis Kagis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162447","display_name":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05bsp2531","country_code":"LV","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447","https://openalex.org/I70055295"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandis Kagis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9750-2872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 14 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072892931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162447"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.504,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62856252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8752452731132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7167782783508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6395823955535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44351476430892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.42573416233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-protocol","display_name":"Communications protocol","score":0.4185100793838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3604664206504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32471367716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1571567952632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0533178448677063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8752452731132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7167782783508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6395823955535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44351476430892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.42573416233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.4185100793838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3604664206504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32471367716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1571567952632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0533178448677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/4/pdf?version=1735546337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3234b8e8fa284284a49dff71e0b5a7ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3234b8e8fa284284a49dff71e0b5a7ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 4 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan14010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan14010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/14/1/4/pdf?version=1735546337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405934401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405934401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069453957","https://openalex.org/W2256858771","https://openalex.org/W2791278755","https://openalex.org/W2940962997","https://openalex.org/W2946577492","https://openalex.org/W2964103541","https://openalex.org/W3018778368","https://openalex.org/W3091911037","https://openalex.org/W3127858908","https://openalex.org/W3138503866","https://openalex.org/W3169174191","https://openalex.org/W3172534388","https://openalex.org/W4210724917","https://openalex.org/W4221117398","https://openalex.org/W4280598101","https://openalex.org/W4313251926","https://openalex.org/W4315786626","https://openalex.org/W4317795303","https://openalex.org/W4322505824","https://openalex.org/W4361839128","https://openalex.org/W4366377778","https://openalex.org/W4366827205","https://openalex.org/W4386814306","https://openalex.org/W4389203612","https://openalex.org/W4389230584","https://openalex.org/W4389384011","https://openalex.org/W4390751107","https://openalex.org/W4399185899","https://openalex.org/W4399944020","https://openalex.org/W4401218959","https://openalex.org/W6860659557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294565841","https://openalex.org/W4210912696","https://openalex.org/W2388330702","https://openalex.org/W2409714959","https://openalex.org/W4298212052","https://openalex.org/W2392986374","https://openalex.org/W2390164899","https://openalex.org/W2740821854","https://openalex.org/W4254015142","https://openalex.org/W4392877027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,100],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,12,82,102,121,174,182],"novel":[3],"wired":[4,31,65,145],"communication":[5,45],"approach":[6,210],"for":[7,35,114,198,213,218],"interactive":[8,36,104,146,214],"wearable":[9,59,147,215],"systems,":[10,216],"employing":[11],"single":[13],"signal":[14,156],"wire":[15],"and":[16,44,80,97,117,165,181,195,221],"innovative":[17],"group":[18,84],"addressing":[19,85],"protocol":[20,86],"to":[21,120,134,191],"reduce":[22],"overhead.":[23],"While":[24],"wireless":[25,122],"solutions":[26],"dominate":[27],"body":[28],"sensor":[29],"networks,":[30],"approaches":[32],"offer":[33],"advantages":[34],"applications":[37,220],"that":[38,207],"require":[39,160],"low":[40],"latency,":[41],"high":[42],"reliability,":[43],"with":[46,106],"high-density":[47],"nodes;":[48],"yet":[49],"they":[50],"have":[51,167],"been":[52],"less":[53],"explored":[54],"in":[55,150],"the":[56,141,151,192,200,208],"context":[57],"of":[58,130,178,187],"systems.":[60],"Many":[61],"commercial":[62],"products":[63,194],"use":[64],"connections":[66],"without":[67],"disclosing":[68,94],"technical":[69],"details,":[70],"limiting":[71],"broader":[72],"adoption.":[73],"To":[74],"address":[75],"this":[76],"gap,":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79],"test":[81],"new":[83],"implemented":[87],"using":[88,153],"Universal":[89],"Asynchronous":[90],"Receiver\u2013Transmitter":[91],"(UART)":[92],"hardware,":[93],"frame":[95,185],"diagrams":[96],"node":[98],"architectures.":[99],"developed":[101],"prototype":[103],"jacket":[105],"nine":[107],"sensor/actuator":[108],"nodes":[109],"connected":[110],"via":[111],"three":[112],"wires":[113,164],"power":[115],"supply":[116],"data":[118,184,223],"transmission":[119],"gateway.":[123],"Mathematical":[124],"analysis":[125],"showed":[126],"an":[127],"overhead":[128],"reduction":[129],"approximately":[131],"50%":[132],"compared":[133],"traditional":[135],"individual":[136],"addressing.":[137],"Our":[138],"solution":[139],"is":[140,211],"most":[142],"wire-efficient":[143],"among":[144],"systems":[148],"reviewed":[149],"literature,":[152],"only":[154],"one":[155],"wire;":[157],"other":[158],"methods":[159],"at":[161],"least":[162],"two":[163],"often":[166],"overlapping":[168],"topologies.":[169],"Performance":[170],"experimental":[171],"evaluation":[172],"revealed":[173],"total":[175],"feedback":[176],"delay":[177],"2.27":[179],"ms":[180],"maximum":[183],"rate":[186],"435.4":[188],"Hz,":[189],"comparable":[190],"best-performing":[193],"leaving":[196],"room":[197],"twice":[199],"performance":[201],"calculated":[202],"theoretically.":[203],"These":[204],"results":[205],"indicate":[206],"proposed":[209],"suitable":[212],"both":[217],"real-time":[219],"high-resolution":[222],"acquisition.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}