{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405112200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13060084","title":"Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine","display_name":"Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405112200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13060084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan13060084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13060084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84/pdf?version=1733479633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84/pdf?version=1733479633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100590438","display_name":"Pritu Parna Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4680-9929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pritu Parna Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4680-9929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111262282","display_name":"Ridma Tabassum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ridma Tabassum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024376510","display_name":"Ahmed Hasnain Jalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Hasnain Jalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-1621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089390032","display_name":"Ali Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107827008","display_name":"Nazmul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-1949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nazmul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-1949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107827008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.2003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54160332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"84","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7193726301193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"Detection limit","score":0.7028650045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascorbic-acid","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","score":0.5681172609329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyaniline","display_name":"Polyaniline","score":0.5519270300865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-voltammetry","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","score":0.5371217727661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.4986083507537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","score":0.46030309796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.4334113597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.3422803282737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry","display_name":"Electrochemistry","score":0.2899904251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.2704937756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.23479896783828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2063378095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.19765475392341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.06700006127357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06377607583999634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7193726301193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.7028650045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.5681172609329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777580120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417637","display_name":"Polyaniline","level":4,"score":0.5519270300865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","level":4,"score":0.5371217727661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4986083507537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.46030309796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.4334113597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3422803282737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.2899904251098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2704937756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.23479896783828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2063378095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19765475392341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.06700006127357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06377607583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan13060084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13060084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84/pdf?version=1733479633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.utrgv.edu:ece_fac-1092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ece_fac/93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402611","display_name":"ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4fc8691867d64a4aa41381d8f06dddf5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4fc8691867d64a4aa41381d8f06dddf5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 84 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan13060084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan13060084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84/pdf?version=1733479633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1796592152","display_name":"ERI: Bonding and Filler Dispersion in One-Step, in-situ Shear Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Material-Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Application as Desalination Membranes","funder_award_id":"2138574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7417570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERI 2138574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314778","display_name":"University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405112200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405112200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981515248","https://openalex.org/W2009182995","https://openalex.org/W2015268418","https://openalex.org/W2045912757","https://openalex.org/W2054519608","https://openalex.org/W2077287184","https://openalex.org/W2094667262","https://openalex.org/W2167658638","https://openalex.org/W2287510856","https://openalex.org/W2766085136","https://openalex.org/W2791189985","https://openalex.org/W2807398893","https://openalex.org/W2893555689","https://openalex.org/W2914949940","https://openalex.org/W2944093217","https://openalex.org/W2983666752","https://openalex.org/W2999737396","https://openalex.org/W3085807285","https://openalex.org/W3092880548","https://openalex.org/W3154619277","https://openalex.org/W3190528755","https://openalex.org/W3195369993","https://openalex.org/W3217020457","https://openalex.org/W4221063063","https://openalex.org/W4281294520","https://openalex.org/W4283689885","https://openalex.org/W4285161201","https://openalex.org/W4313251512","https://openalex.org/W4313887767","https://openalex.org/W4313897601","https://openalex.org/W4319588263","https://openalex.org/W4328108187","https://openalex.org/W4383223089","https://openalex.org/W4386514494","https://openalex.org/W4387140204","https://openalex.org/W4387358563","https://openalex.org/W4391565838","https://openalex.org/W4392661514","https://openalex.org/W4395467352","https://openalex.org/W4397011988","https://openalex.org/W4399279562","https://openalex.org/W4399524874","https://openalex.org/W4400807074","https://openalex.org/W4401074735","https://openalex.org/W7066205568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388090768","https://openalex.org/W2367032727","https://openalex.org/W2158744920","https://openalex.org/W2373918755","https://openalex.org/W2049270418","https://openalex.org/W2011083731","https://openalex.org/W2366254816","https://openalex.org/W985410786","https://openalex.org/W1966236534","https://openalex.org/W2122961390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,173],"this":[1,199],"research,":[2],"a":[3,86,96,103,153,187,204],"novel":[4,200],"interdigitated":[5,146],"gear-shaped,":[6],"graphene-based":[7],"electrochemical":[8,64],"biosensor":[9],"was":[10,48,93,132],"developed":[11],"for":[12,89,210],"the":[13,23,79,83,124,130,181],"detection":[14],"of":[15,82,99,105,108,112,129,158,168],"dopamine":[16,177,185,211],"(DA).":[17],"The":[18,45,127,145],"sensor\u2019s":[19],"innovative":[20],"design":[21,148,202],"improves":[22],"active":[24],"surface":[25],"area":[26],"by":[27],"94.52%":[28],"and":[29,40,53,71,138,143,163,194,207,219],"57%":[30],"compared":[31],"to":[32,61,77,175],"commercially":[33],"available":[34],"Metrohm":[35],"DropSens":[36],"110":[37],"screen-printed":[38,46],"sensors":[39],"printed":[41],"circular":[42],"sensors,":[43],"respectively.":[44],"electrode":[47],"fabricated":[49],"using":[50,134],"laser":[51],"processing":[52],"modified":[54],"with":[55,102,121,152,165,213],"graphene":[56],"polyaniline":[57],"conductive":[58],"ink":[59],"(G-PANI)":[60],"enhance":[62],"its":[63],"properties.":[65],"Fourier":[66],"Transform":[67],"Infrared":[68],"(FTIR)":[69],"Spectroscopy":[70],"X-ray":[72],"diffraction":[73],"(XRD)":[74],"were":[75],"employed":[76],"characterize":[78],"physiochemical":[80],"properties":[81],"sensor.":[84],"Dopamine,":[85],"neurotransmitter":[87],"crucial":[88],"several":[90],"body":[91],"functions,":[92],"detected":[94],"within":[95],"linear":[97],"range":[98],"0.1\u2013100":[100],"\u00b5M,":[101],"Limit":[104],"Detection":[106],"(LOD)":[107],"0.043":[109],"\u00b5M":[110],"(coefficient":[111],"determination,":[113],"R2":[114],"=":[115,161,171],"0.98)":[116],"in":[117,178,186,216],"phosphate-buffer":[118],"saline":[119],"(PBS)":[120],"ferri/ferrocyanide":[122],"as":[123],"redox":[125],"probe.":[126],"performance":[128],"sensor":[131,182,201],"evaluated":[133],"cyclic":[135],"voltammetry":[136],"(CV)":[137],"Chronoamperometry,":[139],"demonstrating":[140],"high":[141],"sensitivity":[142],"selectivity.":[144],"gear-shaped":[147],"exhibited":[149],"excellent":[150],"repeatability,":[151],"relative":[154],"standard":[155],"deviation":[156],"(RSD)":[157],"1.2%":[159],"(n":[160,170],"4)":[162],"reproducibility,":[164],"an":[166],"RSD":[167],"2.3%":[169],"4).":[172],"addition":[174],"detecting":[176],"human":[179],"serum,":[180],"effectively":[183],"distinguished":[184],"ternary":[188],"mixture":[189],"containing":[190],"uric":[191],"acid":[192,196],"(UA)":[193],"ascorbic":[195],"(AA).":[197],"Overall,":[198],"offers":[203],"reliable,":[205],"disposable,":[206],"cost-effective":[208],"solution":[209],"detection,":[212],"potential":[214],"applications":[215],"medical":[217],"diagnostics":[218],"neurological":[220],"research.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T06:56:09.383167","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
