{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386911241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050069","title":"A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications","display_name":"A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386911241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan12050069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69/pdf?version=1695304007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69/pdf?version=1695304007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092017089","display_name":"Jeenal Raghunath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeenal Raghunath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010759894","display_name":"Praveen Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["IN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000690812","display_name":"Tanweer Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanweer Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039758577","display_name":"Pradeep Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["IN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradeep Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011620414","display_name":"B. G. Parveez Shariff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parveez Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015384662","display_name":"Sameena Pathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-4382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameena Pathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000690812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":13.5707,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98352758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6073082089424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6017578840255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5891580581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4629230499267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-plane","display_name":"Ground plane","score":0.44890281558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.4436004161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.43322426080703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.39157634973526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3781968951225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37566354870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3740198314189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36501339077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.3579612970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3336363434791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1719035506248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1308121383190155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6073082089424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6017578840255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5891580581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4629230499267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88764893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547722","display_name":"Ground plane","level":3,"score":0.44890281558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.4436004161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.43322426080703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39157634973526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3781968951225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37566354870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3740198314189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36501339077949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.3579612970352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3336363434791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1719035506248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1308121383190155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan12050069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69/pdf?version=1695304007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a61f344d2eb4f13803ef444a9b433a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a61f344d2eb4f13803ef444a9b433a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 69 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jsan12050069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69/pdf?version=1695304007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736633529","display_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","issn_l":"2224-2708","issn":["2224-2708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386911241.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561015083","https://openalex.org/W1997832042","https://openalex.org/W2035791881","https://openalex.org/W2042844541","https://openalex.org/W2054004534","https://openalex.org/W2066858915","https://openalex.org/W2106453750","https://openalex.org/W2524093985","https://openalex.org/W2560325424","https://openalex.org/W2790436314","https://openalex.org/W2793970915","https://openalex.org/W2944787965","https://openalex.org/W2957112150","https://openalex.org/W2967539517","https://openalex.org/W2970725682","https://openalex.org/W2971913249","https://openalex.org/W2982532369","https://openalex.org/W2990750101","https://openalex.org/W2998094502","https://openalex.org/W3005229894","https://openalex.org/W3006574619","https://openalex.org/W3007749181","https://openalex.org/W3034930717","https://openalex.org/W3036247518","https://openalex.org/W3047071170","https://openalex.org/W3098834662","https://openalex.org/W3126495428","https://openalex.org/W3127616415","https://openalex.org/W3129311377","https://openalex.org/W3134932540","https://openalex.org/W3136911236","https://openalex.org/W3159798917","https://openalex.org/W3192153381","https://openalex.org/W3196692011","https://openalex.org/W4200261490","https://openalex.org/W4226042989","https://openalex.org/W4282583627","https://openalex.org/W4286751608","https://openalex.org/W4293054593","https://openalex.org/W4295922517","https://openalex.org/W4296025980","https://openalex.org/W4297543269","https://openalex.org/W4309565444","https://openalex.org/W4312222503","https://openalex.org/W4365816116","https://openalex.org/W4366826966","https://openalex.org/W4382680736","https://openalex.org/W6727459650","https://openalex.org/W6769462405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154925568","https://openalex.org/W2145488349","https://openalex.org/W2125220165","https://openalex.org/W2157791755","https://openalex.org/W2135759112","https://openalex.org/W2385626144","https://openalex.org/W1970327477","https://openalex.org/W3151400447","https://openalex.org/W70584534","https://openalex.org/W2038008138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"is":[2,52,65,117,160,223,246],"aimed":[3],"at":[4,93],"designing":[5],"an":[6],"inventive":[7],"compact-size":[8],"quad-port":[9],"antenna":[10,29,64,116,135,175,232,237],"that":[11],"can":[12],"be":[13],"operated":[14],"within":[15,56],"terahertz":[16],"(THz)":[17],"frequency":[18,60,104,149],"spectra":[19],"for":[20,67,233,248,254],"a":[21,31,36,42,68,73,88,121],"6G":[22],"high-speed":[23],"wireless":[24,250],"communication":[25,251,257],"link.":[26],"The":[27,62,96,131,236],"single-element":[28],"comprises":[30],"lotus-petal-like":[32],"radiating":[33],"patch":[34],"and":[35,51,145,216],"defected":[37],"ground":[38,168],"structure":[39],"(DGS)":[40],"on":[41],"20":[43,45,78],"\u00d7":[44,46,77,79,140,142],"2":[47,80,143],"\u00b5m3":[48,81,144],"polyamide":[49],"substrate":[50],"designed":[53],"to":[54,125,225],"operate":[55],"the":[57,101,113,127,148,167,173,227,230,255],"8.96\u201313.5":[58],"THz":[59,63,103,115,134,256],"range.":[61],"deployed":[66],"two-port":[69,97,114],"MIMO":[70,129,179,234],"configuration":[71,98],"having":[72],"size":[74],"of":[75,85,90,123,138,151,172,178,229],"46":[76,139,141],"with":[82,106,120,242],"interelement":[83],"separation":[84,122],"less":[86],"than":[87,108,157],"quarter-wavelength":[89],"0.18\u03bb":[91],"(\u03bb":[92],"9":[94],"THz).":[95],"operates":[99,146],"in":[100,147,176],"9\u201313.25":[102],"range,":[105],"better":[107,156],"\u221225":[109,158],"dB":[110,159],"isolation.":[111],"Further,":[112],"mirrored":[118],"vertically":[119],"0.5\u03bb":[124],"form":[126],"four-port":[128,133],"configuration.":[130],"proposed":[132,174,231],"has":[136,238],"dimensions":[137],"range":[150],"9\u201313":[152],"THz.":[153],"Isolation":[154],"improvement":[155],"realized":[161],"by":[162],"incorporating":[163],"parasitic":[164],"elements":[165],"onto":[166],"plane.":[169],"Performance":[170],"analysis":[171],"terms":[177],"diversity":[180,189],"parameters,":[181],"viz.,":[182],"envelope":[183],"correlation":[184],"coefficient":[185,204],"(ECC)":[186],"<":[187,198,206,213,220],"0.05,":[188],"gain":[190,196],"(DG)":[191],"\u2248":[192],"10,":[193],"mean":[194],"effective":[195],"(MEG)":[197],"\u22123":[199],"dB,":[200,208,222],"total":[201],"active":[202],"reflection":[203],"(TARC)":[205],"\u221210":[207],"channel":[209],"capacity":[210],"loss":[211],"(CCL)":[212],"0.3":[214],"bps/Hz,":[215],"multiplexing":[217],"efficiency":[218],"(ME)":[219],"0":[221],"performed":[224],"justify":[226],"appropriateness":[228],"applications.":[235],"virtuous":[239],"radiation":[240],"properties":[241],"good":[243],"gain,":[244],"which":[245],"crucial":[247],"any":[249],"system,":[252],"especially":[253],"network.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}