{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386740853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090184","title":"Thermal Image Processing for Respiratory Estimation from Cubical Data with Expandable Depth","display_name":"Thermal Image Processing for Respiratory Estimation from Cubical Data with Expandable Depth","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386740853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37754948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9090184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/9/184/pdf?version=1694608031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/9/184/pdf?version=1694608031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059919489","display_name":"Maciej Szankin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-1393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Szankin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, 16409 W Bernardo Dr Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92127, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-1393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, 16409 W Bernardo Dr Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92127, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043404759","display_name":"Alicja Kwa\u015bniewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-0595"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicja Kwasniewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["SiMa Technologies, 226 Airport Pkwy Ste 550, San Jose, CA 95110, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SiMa Technologies, 226 Airport Pkwy Ste 550, San Jose, CA 95110, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044309467","display_name":"Jacek Rumi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Ruminski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-0088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059919489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.313,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52824563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"184","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8253791332244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6130326986312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5216734409332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.5211448669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5110960602760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5009934902191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4812047779560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.48091813921928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4520265758037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4247095286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3909657597541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3507557511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19108903408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1721983551979065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8253791332244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6130326986312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5216734409332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.5211448669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5110960602760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5009934902191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4812047779560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48091813921928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4520265758037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4247095286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3909657597541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3507557511329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19108903408050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1721983551979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9090184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/9/184/pdf?version=1694608031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37754948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37754948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10532126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10532126","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10532126/pdf/jimaging-09-00184.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32f6c07a4cda4098bff9305ef82f36a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32f6c07a4cda4098bff9305ef82f36a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 184 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9090184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090184","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/9/184/pdf?version=1694608031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386740853.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507214098","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2037568927","https://openalex.org/W2130583484","https://openalex.org/W2144991152","https://openalex.org/W2173931240","https://openalex.org/W2334671658","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2480993207","https://openalex.org/W2516749401","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2593524020","https://openalex.org/W2745303193","https://openalex.org/W2754187053","https://openalex.org/W2755287329","https://openalex.org/W2755547982","https://openalex.org/W2802125287","https://openalex.org/W2889817967","https://openalex.org/W2899311092","https://openalex.org/W2948898584","https://openalex.org/W2951565129","https://openalex.org/W2980401876","https://openalex.org/W2980488414","https://openalex.org/W2986661129","https://openalex.org/W3035022492","https://openalex.org/W3085567564","https://openalex.org/W3095291798","https://openalex.org/W3099058387","https://openalex.org/W3106327490","https://openalex.org/W3127429202","https://openalex.org/W3140832216","https://openalex.org/W3161471415","https://openalex.org/W3178560278","https://openalex.org/W3186419559","https://openalex.org/W3186857926","https://openalex.org/W3217591046","https://openalex.org/W4205774012","https://openalex.org/W4207036864","https://openalex.org/W4210921450","https://openalex.org/W4211126077","https://openalex.org/W4213388202","https://openalex.org/W4221057369","https://openalex.org/W4226067429","https://openalex.org/W4226193028","https://openalex.org/W4229441412","https://openalex.org/W4282579919","https://openalex.org/W4292793900","https://openalex.org/W4292828952","https://openalex.org/W4308090791","https://openalex.org/W4310668699","https://openalex.org/W6756911974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541791370","https://openalex.org/W2035976912","https://openalex.org/W3094187672","https://openalex.org/W2921707373","https://openalex.org/W2763966779","https://openalex.org/W3003164983","https://openalex.org/W2080322084","https://openalex.org/W2187613906","https://openalex.org/W2111590261","https://openalex.org/W4295539746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"healthcare":[1],"costs":[2],"continue":[3],"to":[4,11,56,78,125,160,193,227],"rise,":[5],"finding":[6],"affordable":[7],"and":[8,27,49,109,128,168,196,214],"non-invasive":[9],"ways":[10],"monitor":[12],"vital":[13],"signs":[14],"is":[15,33,77],"increasingly":[16],"important.":[17],"One":[18],"of":[19,38,47,74,88,139,199],"the":[20,39,72,85,119,137,140,144,152,173,189,194,206,210],"key":[21],"metrics":[22],"for":[23,212],"assessing":[24],"overall":[25],"health":[26],"identifying":[28],"potential":[29,211],"issues":[30],"early":[31],"on":[32,58,100,179],"respiratory":[34,216],"rate":[35,217],"(RR).":[36],"Most":[37],"existing":[40],"methods":[41],"require":[42],"multiple":[43],"steps":[44,167],"that":[45,61,131,151,184,203],"consist":[46],"image":[48],"signal":[50,68],"processing.":[51],"This":[52],"might":[53],"be":[54],"difficult":[55],"deploy":[57],"edge":[59,191],"devices":[60],"often":[62,186],"do":[63],"not":[64],"have":[65],"specialized":[66],"digital":[67],"processors":[69],"(DSP).":[70],"Therefore,":[71],"goal":[73],"this":[75],"study":[76],"develop":[79],"a":[80,92,113],"single":[81,93],"neural":[82],"network":[83],"realizing":[84],"entire":[86],"process":[87,118],"RR":[89],"estimation":[90,218],"in":[91,103,112,136,222],"forward":[94],"pass.":[95],"The":[96,147],"proposed":[97,207],"solution":[98,155],"builds":[99],"recent":[101],"advances":[102],"video":[104,182],"recognition,":[105],"capturing":[106],"both":[107],"spatial":[108],"temporal":[110],"information":[111],"multi-path":[114],"network.":[115],"Both":[116],"paths":[117],"data":[120],"at":[121,188],"different":[122],"sampling":[123],"rates":[124],"capture":[126],"rapid":[127],"slow":[129],"changes":[130],"are":[132,185],"associated":[133],"with":[134],"differences":[135],"temperature":[138],"nostril":[141],"area":[142],"during":[143],"breathing":[145],"episodes.":[146],"preliminary":[148],"results":[149,175],"show":[150],"introduced":[153],"end-to-end":[154],"achieves":[156],"better":[157],"performance":[158],"compared":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"methods,":[162],"without":[163],"requiring":[164],"additional":[165],"pre/post-processing":[166],"signal-processing":[169],"techniques.":[170],"In":[171],"addition,":[172],"presented":[174],"demonstrate":[176],"its":[177],"robustness":[178],"low-resolution":[180],"thermal":[181],"sequences":[183],"used":[187],"embedded":[190],"due":[192],"size":[195],"power":[197],"constraints":[198],"such":[200],"systems.":[201],"Taking":[202],"into":[204],"account,":[205],"approach":[208],"has":[209],"efficient":[213],"convenient":[215],"across":[219],"various":[220],"markets":[221],"solutions":[223],"deployed":[224],"locally,":[225],"close":[226],"end":[228],"users.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
