{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383860708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9070140","title":"Conv-ViT: A Convolution and Vision Transformer-Based Hybrid Feature Extraction Method for Retinal Disease Detection","display_name":"Conv-ViT: A Convolution and Vision Transformer-Based Hybrid Feature Extraction Method for Retinal Disease Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383860708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9070140","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37504817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9070140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9070140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/7/140/pdf?version=1688962501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/7/140/pdf?version=1688962501","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031043147","display_name":"Pramit Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-4694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramit Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-4694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108849781","display_name":"Khaleda Akther Sathi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaleda Akther Sathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-9284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020909684","display_name":"Md. Azad Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Azad Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089476507","display_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089476507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":15.0407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99518356,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"7","first_page":"140","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8170042634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7418375015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.663791298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6034494638442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5717273354530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.48260271549224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4635092318058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4183722138404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4124566614627838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8170042634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7418375015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.663791298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6034494638442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5717273354530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.48260271549224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4635092318058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4183722138404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4124566614627838}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9070140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9070140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/7/140/pdf?version=1688962501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37504817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37504817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10381782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10381782","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10381782/pdf/jimaging-09-00140.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c34b42693a47424fa78e68fc18b6debe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c34b42693a47424fa78e68fc18b6debe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 7, p 140 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9070140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9070140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/7/140/pdf?version=1688962501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383860708.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383860708.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487528435","https://openalex.org/W1968194636","https://openalex.org/W2075206985","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2807876212","https://openalex.org/W2907620831","https://openalex.org/W2910179937","https://openalex.org/W2916091221","https://openalex.org/W2969191453","https://openalex.org/W2996651271","https://openalex.org/W3006201649","https://openalex.org/W3114822659","https://openalex.org/W3156173005","https://openalex.org/W3158217039","https://openalex.org/W3199907666","https://openalex.org/W3204166336","https://openalex.org/W4200338404","https://openalex.org/W4224044322","https://openalex.org/W4281631732","https://openalex.org/W4281694924","https://openalex.org/W4285124323","https://openalex.org/W4292553536","https://openalex.org/W4309764398","https://openalex.org/W4319301089","https://openalex.org/W4362508096","https://openalex.org/W6756908784","https://openalex.org/W6757620721","https://openalex.org/W6757941773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W2095030957","https://openalex.org/W2066827917","https://openalex.org/W2884201223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,93,135,168,187],"current":[1],"advancement":[2],"towards":[3],"retinal":[4,66,83,151,208],"disease":[5,209],"detection":[6,44],"mainly":[7],"focused":[8],"on":[9],"distinct":[10],"feature":[11,145],"extraction":[12,47],"using":[13],"either":[14],"a":[15,21,76],"convolutional":[16],"neural":[17],"network":[18],"(CNN)":[19],"or":[20,39,51],"transformer-based":[22],"end-to-end":[23,30],"deep":[24],"learning":[25,146],"(DL)":[26],"model.":[27],"individual":[29],"DL":[31],"models":[32,140],"are":[33,103,181],"capable":[34],"of":[35,48,65,113,137,150,178,193],"only":[36,49],"processing":[37],"texture":[38,107,144,195],"shape-based":[40,52,126,143],"information":[41,108],"for":[42],"performing":[43],"tasks.":[45],"However,":[46],"texture-":[50],"features":[53,127,198],"does":[54],"not":[55],"provide":[56],"the":[57,111,114,118,130,148,179,191,200,206],"model":[58,78,121,180,203],"robustness":[59],"needed":[60],"to":[61,81,105,124,183,204],"classify":[62],"different":[63],"types":[64],"diseases.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"concerning":[69],"these":[70,138],"two":[71],"features,":[72],"this":[73],"paper":[74],"developed":[75],"fusion":[77,192],"called":[79],"'Conv-ViT'":[80],"detect":[82],"diseases":[84,152],"from":[85],"foveal":[86],"cut":[87],"optical":[88],"coherence":[89],"tomography":[90],"(OCT)":[91],"images.":[92],"transfer":[94],"learning-based":[95],"CNN":[96],"models,":[97],"such":[98],"as":[99],"Inception-V3":[100],"and":[101,166,175,196],"ResNet-50,":[102],"utilized":[104],"process":[106,125],"by":[109,128],"calculating":[110],"correlation":[112,131],"nearby":[115],"pixel.":[116],"Additionally,":[117],"vision":[119],"transformer":[120],"is":[122],"fused":[123],"determining":[129],"between":[132],"long-distance":[133],"pixels.":[134],"hybridization":[136],"three":[139],"results":[141,188],"in":[142],"during":[147],"classification":[149,171,210],"into":[153],"its":[154],"four":[155],"classes,":[156],"including":[157],"choroidal":[158],"neovascularization":[159],"(CNV),":[160],"diabetic":[161],"macular":[162],"edema":[163],"(DME),":[164],"DRUSEN,":[165],"NORMAL.":[167],"weighted":[169],"average":[170],"accuracy,":[172],"precision,":[173],"recall,":[174],"F1":[176],"score":[177],"found":[182],"be":[184],"approximately":[185],"94%.":[186],"indicate":[189],"that":[190],"both":[194],"shape":[197],"assisted":[199],"proposed":[201],"Conv-ViT":[202],"outperform":[205],"state-of-the-art":[207],"models.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}