{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366597918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9040087","title":"Hyperspectral Characteristic Band Selection and Estimation Content of Soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon Based on GARF-PLSR","display_name":"Hyperspectral Characteristic Band Selection and Estimation Content of Soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon Based on GARF-PLSR","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366597918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9040087","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37103238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9040087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9040087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/4/87/pdf?version=1681976722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/4/87/pdf?version=1681976722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061490692","display_name":"Pengfei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-4007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102840219","display_name":"Qigang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-3593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qigang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102848193","display_name":"Zhilian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6932-5224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102840219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80030363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8768646717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5911840200424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5730386972427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.5721560716629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5477017164230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4401164948940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum","display_name":"Petroleum","score":0.42279016971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-petroleum-hydrocarbon","display_name":"Total petroleum hydrocarbon","score":0.4199956953525543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.39424628019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3820142447948456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36497604846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3641495704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3430020809173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3118699789047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2647983431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.24427548050880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22352832555770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination","display_name":"Soil contamination","score":0.13400477170944214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8768646717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5911840200424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5730386972427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.5721560716629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5477017164230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4401164948940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.42279016971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779170553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7828131","display_name":"Total petroleum hydrocarbon","level":4,"score":0.4199956953525543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.39424628019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3820142447948456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36497604846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3641495704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3430020809173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3118699789047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2647983431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.24427548050880432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22352832555770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65580899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734","display_name":"Soil contamination","level":3,"score":0.13400477170944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9040087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9040087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/4/87/pdf?version=1681976722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37103238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37103238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10144958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10144958","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10144958/pdf/jimaging-09-00087.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4661b7769b014fc2b4d1d623033eb0f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4661b7769b014fc2b4d1d623033eb0f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 87 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9040087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9040087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/4/87/pdf?version=1681976722","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1309548654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DD20190705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334926","funder_display_name":"China Geological Survey"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334926","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366597918.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1761723896","https://openalex.org/W1964503221","https://openalex.org/W1980466168","https://openalex.org/W1999048942","https://openalex.org/W2004546449","https://openalex.org/W2005460036","https://openalex.org/W2048846397","https://openalex.org/W2056721262","https://openalex.org/W2090517596","https://openalex.org/W2092649183","https://openalex.org/W2093241048","https://openalex.org/W2093849288","https://openalex.org/W2110172573","https://openalex.org/W2136235890","https://openalex.org/W2167020326","https://openalex.org/W2172453959","https://openalex.org/W2359976398","https://openalex.org/W2374211990","https://openalex.org/W2376974812","https://openalex.org/W2465649179","https://openalex.org/W2722683790","https://openalex.org/W2774397624","https://openalex.org/W2789249105","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2946078526","https://openalex.org/W2963524689","https://openalex.org/W2974297644","https://openalex.org/W2992797949","https://openalex.org/W2997216003","https://openalex.org/W3014241549","https://openalex.org/W3028523493","https://openalex.org/W3034053233","https://openalex.org/W3081517451","https://openalex.org/W3099752826","https://openalex.org/W3108331601","https://openalex.org/W3121948986","https://openalex.org/W3124243713","https://openalex.org/W3126147364","https://openalex.org/W3133496398","https://openalex.org/W3135217882","https://openalex.org/W3135891625","https://openalex.org/W3145223225","https://openalex.org/W3214385005","https://openalex.org/W4247093658","https://openalex.org/W4385168265","https://openalex.org/W6708496217","https://openalex.org/W6719203832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W3034864990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"continuous":[1],"improvements":[2],"in":[3,37,94,121,283,313],"oil":[4,11],"production,":[5],"the":[6,31,43,49,63,95,122,128,131,138,154,157,164,168,171,177,198,219,238,254,263,273,279,284,292,299,308],"environmental":[7],"problems":[8],"caused":[9],"by":[10],"exploitation":[12],"are":[13,91],"becoming":[14],"increasingly":[15],"serious.":[16],"Rapid":[17],"and":[18,33,48,73,78,108,207,218,232,243,276],"accurate":[19],"estimation":[20,239],"of":[21,27,35,45,52,97,106,111,130,179,201,234,237,253,287,294,310],"soil":[22,53,214,288],"petroleum":[23,46,215,289],"hydrocarbon":[24,47,216,290],"content":[25,44],"is":[26],"great":[28],"significance":[29],"to":[30,84,136,212],"investigation":[32],"restoration":[34],"environments":[36],"oil-producing":[38,58],"areas.":[39],"In":[40,134],"this":[41],"study,":[42],"hyperspectral":[50,64,146,285],"data":[51,200,286],"samples":[54],"collected":[55],"from":[56],"an":[57],"area":[59],"were":[60,82,195,241],"measured.":[61],"For":[62],"data,":[65],"spectral":[66],"transforms,":[67],"including":[68],"continuum":[69],"removal":[70],"(CR),":[71],"first-":[72],"second-order":[74],"differential":[75],"(CR-FD,":[76],"CR-SD),":[77],"Napierian":[79],"logarithm":[80],"(CR-LN),":[81],"applied":[83],"eliminate":[85],"background":[86],"noise.":[87],"At":[88],"present,":[89],"there":[90],"some":[92],"shortcomings":[93],"method":[96,143,221,293],"feature":[98,113,123],"band":[99,114,148,266],"selection,":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102,197],"large":[103],"quantity,":[104],"time":[105,166],"calculation,":[107],"unclear":[109],"importance":[110,178,295],"each":[112,180],"obtained.":[115],"Meanwhile,":[116],"redundant":[117,274],"bands":[118,194,275,282],"easily":[119],"exist":[120],"set,":[124],"which":[125,182,245,297],"seriously":[126],"affects":[127],"accuracy":[129,249],"inversion":[132],"algorithm.":[133],"order":[135],"solve":[137],"above":[139],"problems,":[140],"a":[141,184,247,304],"new":[142,305],"(GARF)":[144],"for":[145,187,224,307],"characteristic":[147,265,281],"selection":[149,267],"was":[150,222],"proposed.":[151],"It":[152,302],"combined":[153],"advantage":[155,169],"that":[156,170,260],"grouping":[158],"search":[159,173],"algorithm":[160,174],"can":[161,175,270],"effectively":[162,271],"reduce":[163,272],"calculation":[165],"with":[167,250,262,291],"point-by-point":[172],"determine":[176],"band,":[181],"provided":[183,303],"clearer":[185],"direction":[186],"further":[188],"spectroscopic":[189],"research.":[190],"The":[191,226,257],"17":[192],"selected":[193],"used":[196,223],"input":[199],"partial":[202],"least":[203],"squares":[204],"regression":[205],"(PLSR)":[206],"K-nearest":[208],"neighbor":[209],"(KNN)":[210],"algorithms":[211],"estimate":[213],"content,":[217],"leave-one-out":[220],"cross-validation.":[225],"root":[227],"mean":[228],"squared":[229],"error":[230],"(RMSE)":[231],"coefficient":[233],"determination":[235],"(R2)":[236],"result":[240],"3.52":[242],"0.90,":[244],"implemented":[246],"high":[248],"only":[251],"8.37%":[252],"entire":[255],"bands.":[256],"results":[258],"showed":[259],"compared":[261],"traditional":[264],"methods,":[268],"GARF":[269],"screen":[277],"out":[278],"optimal":[280],"assessment,":[296],"retained":[298],"physical":[300],"meaning.":[301],"idea":[306],"research":[309],"other":[311],"substances":[312],"soil.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}