{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323556838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030063","title":"Environment-Aware Rendering and Interaction in Web-Based Augmented Reality","display_name":"Environment-Aware Rendering and Interaction in Web-Based Augmented Reality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323556838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36976114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/63/pdf?version=1678251506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/63/pdf?version=1678251506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082802541","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ferr\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-7467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ferr\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7111-4070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048144330","display_name":"Paulo Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-2749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026656653","display_name":"Beatriz Sousa Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-2731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Sousa Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-2731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051983588","display_name":"Miguel Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-5058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent System Associate Laboratory (LASI), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048144330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.0746,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75085971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"63","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.9021875858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8297368288040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7365286946296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.6329320073127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-rendering","display_name":"Real-time rendering","score":0.5267295837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.48639729619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.47224682569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-rendering","display_name":"3D rendering","score":0.42658424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4211653769016266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38136065006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.2481955885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.15853619575500488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.9021875858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8297368288040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7365286946296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.6329320073127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116921373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time rendering","level":3,"score":0.5267295837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.48639729619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.47224682569503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.42658424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4211653769016266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38136065006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.2481955885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.15853619575500488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/63/pdf?version=1678251506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36976114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36976114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10057055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10057055","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10057055/pdf/jimaging-09-00063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d771fdeda6e4be696c70dd93467a108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d771fdeda6e4be696c70dd93467a108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 63 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/63/pdf?version=1678251506","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323556838.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144167358","https://openalex.org/W1969780147","https://openalex.org/W1986089247","https://openalex.org/W2023758054","https://openalex.org/W2077509631","https://openalex.org/W2094771726","https://openalex.org/W2132965583","https://openalex.org/W2149186753","https://openalex.org/W2150381189","https://openalex.org/W2153504150","https://openalex.org/W2161446118","https://openalex.org/W2465745391","https://openalex.org/W2482368135","https://openalex.org/W2544776476","https://openalex.org/W2549625900","https://openalex.org/W2729183162","https://openalex.org/W2737076735","https://openalex.org/W2765669359","https://openalex.org/W2796228338","https://openalex.org/W2810134467","https://openalex.org/W2902486335","https://openalex.org/W2930114969","https://openalex.org/W2936146487","https://openalex.org/W2943381049","https://openalex.org/W2947260235","https://openalex.org/W2960062801","https://openalex.org/W3010810711","https://openalex.org/W3042080800","https://openalex.org/W3048431096","https://openalex.org/W3092530181","https://openalex.org/W3092926781","https://openalex.org/W3093142651","https://openalex.org/W3102754077","https://openalex.org/W3119110808","https://openalex.org/W3132270109","https://openalex.org/W3197688607","https://openalex.org/W3207390243","https://openalex.org/W3211888917","https://openalex.org/W3213933318","https://openalex.org/W4206465315","https://openalex.org/W4229858733","https://openalex.org/W6719294231","https://openalex.org/W6744338037","https://openalex.org/W6752323105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112265557","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2366215510","https://openalex.org/W2350100566","https://openalex.org/W2110882169","https://openalex.org/W2090047443","https://openalex.org/W2403188927","https://openalex.org/W2361232358","https://openalex.org/W180403055","https://openalex.org/W4365460447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1,86],"presents":[2],"a":[3,36,71,88,123,140,185,190],"novel":[4],"framework":[5,219],"for":[6,35],"web-based":[7,214],"environment-aware":[8],"rendering":[9,38,135,143,169],"and":[10,18,53,82,93,182,212,222,228],"interaction":[11,56],"in":[12,133,147,224],"augmented":[13],"reality":[14],"based":[15,142],"on":[16,70,87,195],"WebXR":[17],"three.js.":[19],"It":[20],"aims":[21],"at":[22],"accelerating":[23],"the":[24,75,79,128,134,137,165,168,174],"development":[25],"of":[26,39,47,91,127,136,170,188,226],"device-agnostic":[27],"Augmented":[28],"Reality":[29],"(AR)":[30],"applications.":[31],"The":[32,198,217],"solution":[33,77,96,199],"allows":[34],"realistic":[37],"3D":[40,156],"elements,":[41],"handles":[42],"geometry":[43],"occlusion,":[44],"casts":[45],"shadows":[46],"virtual":[48,138],"objects":[49],"onto":[50],"real":[51],"surfaces,":[52],"provides":[54],"physics":[55],"with":[57,102,154,160,231],"real-world":[58],"objects.":[59],"Unlike":[60],"most":[61],"existing":[62,211],"state-of-the-art":[63,233],"systems":[64],"that":[65,121,206],"are":[66,152,180],"built":[67],"to":[68,85],"run":[69],"specific":[72],"hardware":[73],"configuration,":[74],"proposed":[76,218],"targets":[78],"web":[80],"environment":[81,175],"is":[83,145,200],"designed":[84],"vast":[89],"range":[90],"devices":[92],"configurations.":[94],"Our":[95],"can":[97,207],"use":[98,113],"monocular":[99],"camera":[100],"setups":[101],"depth":[103,115],"data":[104],"estimated":[105],"by":[106,164],"deep":[107],"neural":[108],"networks":[109],"or,":[110],"when":[111],"available,":[112],"higher-quality":[114],"sensors":[116],"(e.g.,":[117],"LIDAR,":[118],"structured":[119],"light)":[120],"provide":[122],"more":[124],"accurate":[125],"perception":[126],"environment.":[129],"To":[130],"ensure":[131],"consistency":[132],"scene":[139],"physically":[141,149],"pipeline":[144,186],"used,":[146],"which":[148],"correct":[150],"attributes":[151],"associated":[153],"each":[155],"object,":[157],"which,":[158],"combined":[159],"lighting":[161],"information":[162],"captured":[163],"device,":[166],"enables":[167],"AR":[171,215],"content":[172],"matching":[173],"illumination.":[176],"All":[177],"these":[178],"concepts":[179],"integrated":[181,209],"optimized":[183],"into":[184,210],"capable":[187],"providing":[189],"fluid":[191],"user":[192],"experience":[193],"even":[194],"middle-range":[196],"devices.":[197],"distributed":[201],"as":[202],"an":[203],"open-source":[204],"library":[205],"be":[208],"new":[213],"projects.":[216],"was":[220],"evaluated":[221],"compared":[223],"terms":[225],"performance":[227],"visual":[229],"features":[230],"two":[232],"alternatives.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
