{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322500381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","title":"Applications of LiDAR in Agriculture and Future Research Directions","display_name":"Applications of LiDAR in Agriculture and Future Research Directions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322500381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36976108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/57/pdf?version=1677234558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/57/pdf?version=1677234558","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077007609","display_name":"Sourabhi Debnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-8495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourabhi Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-8495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002818315","display_name":"Manoranjan Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoranjan Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023371442","display_name":"Tanmoy Debnath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-5926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanmoy Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-5926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023371442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":8.8039,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98843822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"57","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9808412790298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7381868362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6452764272689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5878139138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.47275930643081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.44847604632377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36532801389694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23037314414978027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9808412790298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7381868362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6452764272689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5878139138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.47275930643081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.44847604632377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36532801389694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23037314414978027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/57/pdf?version=1677234558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36976108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36976108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10052112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10052112","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10052112/pdf/jimaging-09-00057.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/58232822-778b-4897-91e5-a0a5294cc7b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/58232822-778b-4897-91e5-a0a5294cc7b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Debnath, S, Paul, M & Debnath, T 2023, 'Applications of LiDAR in agriculture and future research directions', Journal of Imaging, vol. 9, no. 3, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057, https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:984bb0fdc09f4f119eba509c793a56ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/984bb0fdc09f4f119eba509c793a56ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 57 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/3/57/pdf?version=1677234558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322500381.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166474404","https://openalex.org/W1499937184","https://openalex.org/W1578230136","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1969025933","https://openalex.org/W1993939616","https://openalex.org/W1996716416","https://openalex.org/W1998957178","https://openalex.org/W2002692686","https://openalex.org/W2002948762","https://openalex.org/W2020175583","https://openalex.org/W2032693743","https://openalex.org/W2037304439","https://openalex.org/W2039908062","https://openalex.org/W2042976030","https://openalex.org/W2046918677","https://openalex.org/W2061338905","https://openalex.org/W2064577520","https://openalex.org/W2083260484","https://openalex.org/W2087806335","https://openalex.org/W2101096550","https://openalex.org/W2112872473","https://openalex.org/W2148293865","https://openalex.org/W2188563027","https://openalex.org/W2255576388","https://openalex.org/W2296685749","https://openalex.org/W2321423199","https://openalex.org/W2322725173","https://openalex.org/W2406402377","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2541630240","https://openalex.org/W2617121149","https://openalex.org/W2769416190","https://openalex.org/W2770075129","https://openalex.org/W2782428144","https://openalex.org/W2792783324","https://openalex.org/W2797338994","https://openalex.org/W2801069283","https://openalex.org/W2810482441","https://openalex.org/W2898237681","https://openalex.org/W2900295871","https://openalex.org/W2901294706","https://openalex.org/W2902989016","https://openalex.org/W2921848951","https://openalex.org/W2950395682","https://openalex.org/W2969597999","https://openalex.org/W2998150723","https://openalex.org/W3023299871","https://openalex.org/W3026566795","https://openalex.org/W3037059899","https://openalex.org/W3045692408","https://openalex.org/W3082941351","https://openalex.org/W3123965719","https://openalex.org/W3152041191","https://openalex.org/W3174093665","https://openalex.org/W3207311723","https://openalex.org/W4210892963","https://openalex.org/W4212787286","https://openalex.org/W6745901925","https://openalex.org/W6764122063","https://openalex.org/W6802649540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W2486104965","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2487834875","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W196913356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"detection":[1,140],"and":[2,82,84,95,114,125,141,159],"ranging":[3],"(LiDAR)":[4],"sensors":[5,24,74],"have":[6],"accrued":[7],"an":[8],"ever-increasing":[9],"presence":[10],"in":[11,70,134,164,173,192],"the":[12,32,42,49,57,65,85,135],"agricultural":[13,71,80,165,175],"sector":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,31,54,56,78,121],"their":[17],"non-destructive":[18],"mode":[19],"of":[20,64,88,168,170],"capturing":[21],"data.":[22,150],"LiDAR":[23,69,73,115,149,163,171],"emit":[25],"pulsed":[26],"light":[27],"waves":[28],"that":[29,41,137],"return":[30,55],"sensor":[33],"upon":[34],"bouncing":[35],"off":[36],"surrounding":[37],"objects.":[38],"The":[39],"distances":[40],"pulses":[43,53],"travel":[44],"are":[45,60,75,99,177,189],"calculated":[46],"by":[47],"measuring":[48],"time":[50],"for":[51,102],"all":[52],"source.":[58],"There":[59],"many":[61],"reported":[62],"applications":[63,158,176],"data":[66,116,160,172],"obtained":[67,147,161],"from":[68,162],"sectors.":[72,166],"widely":[76],"used":[77,101,120],"measure":[79,122],"landscaping":[81],"topography":[83],"structural":[86],"characteristics":[87],"trees":[89],"such":[90],"as":[91],"leaf":[92],"area":[93],"index":[94],"canopy":[96],"volume;":[97],"they":[98],"also":[100,118,131,145,178,190],"crop":[103,108,138],"biomass":[104],"estimation,":[105],"phenotype":[106],"characterisation,":[107],"growth,":[109],"etc.":[110],"A":[111],"LiDAR-based":[112,156],"system":[113,157],"can":[117,144],"be":[119,146],"spray":[123],"drift":[124],"detect":[126],"soil":[127],"properties.":[128],"It":[129],"has":[130],"been":[132],"proposed":[133],"literature":[136],"damage":[139],"yield":[142],"prediction":[143],"with":[148],"This":[151],"review":[152],"focuses":[153],"on":[154,185],"different":[155,174],"Comparisons":[167],"aspects":[169],"provided.":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"future":[181],"research":[182],"directions":[183],"based":[184],"this":[186,193],"emerging":[187],"technology":[188],"presented":[191],"review.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
