{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313360762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010007","title":"The Optimization of the Light-Source Spectrum Utilizing Neural Networks for Detecting Oral Lesions","display_name":"The Optimization of the Light-Source Spectrum Utilizing Neural Networks for Detecting Oral Lesions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313360762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36662105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/1/7/pdf?version=1673420209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/1/7/pdf?version=1673420209","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101679798","display_name":"Kenichi Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6506-5592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136259955","display_name":"Toyohashi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezg6d83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617176","display_name":"Hiroshi Higashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-3411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Higashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi 36-1, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-3411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi 36-1, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031962596","display_name":"Ari Hietanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-423X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107892","display_name":"Planmeca (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01sexcc53","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107892"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ari Hietanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Planmeca Oy, 00880 Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Planmeca Oy, 00880 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010332856","display_name":"Pauli F\u00e4lt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-9104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauli F\u00e4lt","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032832541","display_name":"Kyoko Hine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6025-1037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136259955","display_name":"Toyohashi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezg6d83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoko Hine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001846391","display_name":"Markku Hauta\u2010Kasari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-0004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Hauta-Kasari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-0004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050167244","display_name":"Shigeki Nakauchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-6915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136259955","display_name":"Toyohashi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezg6d83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigeki Nakauchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101679798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136259955"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"fwci":0.9967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76184264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8089948296546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7568536996841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-illuminant","display_name":"Standard illuminant","score":0.7341639995574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6367634534835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6063550710678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5659496784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5593003630638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.44207024574279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41463473439216614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8089948296546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7568536996841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.7341639995574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6367634534835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6063550710678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5659496784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5593003630638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.44207024574279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41463473439216614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/1/7/pdf?version=1673420209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36662105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36662105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b18f2aea68a64cedad8789ae97ea9019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b18f2aea68a64cedad8789ae97ea9019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 7 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9865558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9865558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging9010007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/9/1/7/pdf?version=1673420209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6092633984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJFS2121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313360762.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1242686068","https://openalex.org/W1991261178","https://openalex.org/W2001088204","https://openalex.org/W2061109241","https://openalex.org/W2079403920","https://openalex.org/W2082155033","https://openalex.org/W2101518656","https://openalex.org/W2140597255","https://openalex.org/W2153732652","https://openalex.org/W2169565872","https://openalex.org/W2170474721","https://openalex.org/W2170541830","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2399751959","https://openalex.org/W2534178273","https://openalex.org/W2582564323","https://openalex.org/W2651501900","https://openalex.org/W2763008059","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2768243224","https://openalex.org/W2800371750","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2883053624","https://openalex.org/W2883741661","https://openalex.org/W2906553318","https://openalex.org/W2937197340","https://openalex.org/W2942170965","https://openalex.org/W2981404027","https://openalex.org/W2982663557","https://openalex.org/W2989591273","https://openalex.org/W2998851513","https://openalex.org/W3031696400","https://openalex.org/W3044945006","https://openalex.org/W3097487475","https://openalex.org/W3135545088","https://openalex.org/W3169387543","https://openalex.org/W4211031197","https://openalex.org/W4229587630","https://openalex.org/W4243400934","https://openalex.org/W4285046082","https://openalex.org/W4293203228","https://openalex.org/W4298364376","https://openalex.org/W6750035952","https://openalex.org/W6752629508","https://openalex.org/W6791555296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378218814","https://openalex.org/W2169565872","https://openalex.org/W2086480935","https://openalex.org/W2141064695","https://openalex.org/W2125997383","https://openalex.org/W24761535","https://openalex.org/W830216772","https://openalex.org/W164484593","https://openalex.org/W2170165890","https://openalex.org/W2013297700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Any":[0],"change":[1],"in":[2,59],"the":[3,7,17,28,39,56,73,78,90,105,148,166,173,176,180,186,191],"light-source":[4,74],"spectrum":[5,52,75],"modifies":[6],"color":[8],"information":[9],"of":[10,16,27,87,159,165],"an":[11,126],"object.":[12],"The":[13,108,163],"spectral":[14],"distribution":[15],"light":[18,51],"source":[19],"can":[20],"be":[21],"optimized":[22],"to":[23,37,54,76,103,172,185],"enhance":[24],"specific":[25],"details":[26],"obtained":[29],"images;":[30],"thus,":[31],"using":[32,63,81,130,190],"information-enhanced":[33],"images":[34],"is":[35],"expected":[36],"improve":[38],"image":[40],"recognition":[41],"performance":[42],"via":[43],"machine":[44,61,134],"vision.":[45],"However,":[46],"no":[47],"studies":[48],"have":[49],"applied":[50],"optimization":[53,128],"reduce":[55,77],"training":[57,79],"loss":[58,80],"modern":[60],"vision":[62],"deep":[64],"learning.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"a":[69,95,116,131,155],"method":[70,178],"for":[71],"optimizing":[72],"neural":[82,111,150],"networks.":[83],"A":[84],"two-class":[85],"classification":[86,137],"one-vs-rest":[88],"among":[89],"classes,":[91],"including":[92],"enamel":[93],"as":[94],"healthy":[96],"condition":[97],"and":[98,139,157,182],"dental":[99],"lesions,":[100],"was":[101,123,145,183],"performed":[102],"validate":[104],"proposed":[106,109,149,177],"method.":[107],"convolutional":[110],"network-based":[112,151],"model,":[113],"which":[114,153],"accepts":[115],"5":[117,119],"\u00d7":[118],"small":[120],"patch":[121],"image,":[122],"compared":[124,146,171],"with":[125,147],"alternating":[127],"scheme":[129],"linear-support":[132],"vector":[133],"that":[135,188],"optimizes":[136],"weights":[138,141],"lighting":[140],"separately.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"it":[144],"algorithm,":[152],"inputs":[154],"pixel":[156],"consists":[158],"fully":[160],"connected":[161],"layers.":[162],"results":[164],"five-fold":[167],"cross-validation":[168],"revealed":[169],"that,":[170],"previous":[174],"method,":[175],"improved":[179],"F1-score":[181],"superior":[184],"models":[187],"were":[189],"immutable":[192],"standard":[193],"illuminant":[194],"D65.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
