{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4303710167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100270","title":"Using an Ultrasound Tissue Phantom Model for Hybrid Training of Deep Learning Models for Shrapnel Detection","display_name":"Using an Ultrasound Tissue Phantom Model for Hybrid Training of Deep Learning Models for Shrapnel Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4303710167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100270","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36286364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8100270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/10/270/pdf?version=1664692952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/10/270/pdf?version=1664692952","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005990659","display_name":"Sof\u00eda I. Hern\u00e1ndez Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121865","display_name":"United States Army Institute of Surgical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02gb0hd06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I4210121865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I893718555","display_name":"Joint Base San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/02jxznk77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia I. Hernandez-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121865","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004721170","display_name":"Emily N. Boice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-2842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121865","display_name":"United States Army Institute of Surgical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02gb0hd06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I4210121865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I893718555","display_name":"Joint Base San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/02jxznk77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily N. Boice","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-2842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121865","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087987427","display_name":"Eric J. Snider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121865","display_name":"United States Army Institute of Surgical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02gb0hd06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I4210121865"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I893718555","display_name":"Joint Base San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/02jxznk77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric J. Snider","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-4937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121865","https://openalex.org/I893718555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087987427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121865","https://openalex.org/I893718555"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.57,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82053997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"270","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.9103122353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6600643396377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.626232385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6092153787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.5801675915718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troubleshooting","display_name":"Troubleshooting","score":0.5018742084503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4833221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.44241392612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37942981719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33429333567619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22314852476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22055843472480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.19162368774414062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.9103122353553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6600643396377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.626232385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6092153787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.5801675915718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.5018742084503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4833221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44241392612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37942981719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33429333567619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22314852476119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22055843472480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.19162368774414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8100270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/10/270/pdf?version=1664692952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36286364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36286364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e00d62255b5d442eba8cf654650673ae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e00d62255b5d442eba8cf654650673ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 8, Iss 10, p 270 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9604600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9604600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8100270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8100270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/10/270/pdf?version=1664692952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8297220550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IS220007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338415","funder_display_name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308963","display_name":"Oak Ridge Associated Universities","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332382","display_name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338415","display_name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4303710167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4303710167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524992328","https://openalex.org/W1909089898","https://openalex.org/W2050733205","https://openalex.org/W2067464422","https://openalex.org/W2093329662","https://openalex.org/W2102423385","https://openalex.org/W2120421566","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2178781364","https://openalex.org/W2496015001","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2621028221","https://openalex.org/W2761805300","https://openalex.org/W2797133215","https://openalex.org/W2815822241","https://openalex.org/W2897821359","https://openalex.org/W2897906330","https://openalex.org/W2913559493","https://openalex.org/W2922268524","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2982740817","https://openalex.org/W2999759831","https://openalex.org/W3007935259","https://openalex.org/W3011596635","https://openalex.org/W3012963639","https://openalex.org/W3024985337","https://openalex.org/W3046462609","https://openalex.org/W3082905589","https://openalex.org/W3089367806","https://openalex.org/W3091780972","https://openalex.org/W3165429597","https://openalex.org/W3185346444","https://openalex.org/W3192433980","https://openalex.org/W3206699932","https://openalex.org/W4213379651","https://openalex.org/W4280631518","https://openalex.org/W4282945500","https://openalex.org/W4295539822","https://openalex.org/W4296463568","https://openalex.org/W4320515908","https://openalex.org/W6760104640","https://openalex.org/W6783485367","https://openalex.org/W6802857511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013479934","https://openalex.org/W3164202441","https://openalex.org/W2015071354","https://openalex.org/W2062195871","https://openalex.org/W2073031339","https://openalex.org/W4391915433","https://openalex.org/W2144778520","https://openalex.org/W2061271245","https://openalex.org/W2365285804","https://openalex.org/W2620851791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tissue":[0],"phantoms":[1,44],"are":[2],"important":[3,48],"for":[4,78,108,118,188,193],"medical":[5],"research":[6],"to":[7,67,88,111],"reduce":[8],"the":[9,97,106,152,168,182],"use":[10],"of":[11,25,50,62,65,146],"animal":[12],"or":[13,18,22],"human":[14],"tissue":[15,59,73,82,90,98,148,183],"when":[16,142],"testing":[17],"troubleshooting":[19],"new":[20],"devices":[21],"technology.":[23],"Development":[24],"machine-learning":[26,79],"detection":[27,130],"tools":[28],"that":[29,45],"rely":[30],"on":[31],"large":[32],"ultrasound":[33,109,194],"imaging":[34,110],"data":[35],"sets":[36,116],"can":[37,75],"potentially":[38],"be":[39,76],"streamlined":[40],"with":[41,151,167],"high":[42,186],"quality":[43],"closely":[46],"mimic":[47,68],"features":[49],"biological":[51],"tissue.":[52],"Here,":[53],"we":[54],"demonstrate":[55],"how":[56],"an":[57],"ultrasound-compliant":[58],"phantom":[60,83,107,149,184],"comprised":[61,145],"multiple":[63],"layers":[64],"gelatin":[66],"bone,":[69],"fat,":[70],"and":[71,93,173],"muscle":[72],"types":[74,102],"used":[77],"training.":[80],"This":[81],"has":[84],"a":[85,126,159],"heterogeneous":[86],"composition":[87],"introduce":[89],"level":[91],"complexity":[92],"subject":[94],"variability":[95],"in":[96,178],"phantom.":[99],"Various":[100],"shrapnel":[101,114,129],"were":[103],"inserted":[104],"into":[105],"supplement":[112],"swine":[113,133,155,179],"image":[115,135,171,195],"captured":[117],"applications":[119],"such":[120],"as":[121],"deep":[122,162,190],"learning":[123,163,191],"algorithms.":[124],"With":[125],"previously":[127],"developed":[128],"algorithm,":[131],"blind":[132],"test":[134],"accuracy":[136,141,177],"reached":[137],"more":[138],"than":[139],"95%":[140],"training":[143,170],"was":[144,165],"75%":[147],"images,":[150],"rest":[153],"being":[154],"images.":[156],"For":[157],"comparison,":[158],"conventional":[160],"MobileNetv2":[161],"model":[164],"trained":[166],"same":[169],"set":[172],"achieved":[174],"over":[175],"90%":[176],"predictions.":[180],"Overall,":[181],"demonstrated":[185],"performance":[187],"developing":[189],"models":[192],"classification.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}