{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281490041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060151","title":"Bladder Wall Segmentation and Characterization on MR Images: Computer-Aided Spina Bifida Diagnosis","display_name":"Bladder Wall Segmentation and Characterization on MR Images: Computer-Aided Spina Bifida Diagnosis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281490041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060151","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35735950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/6/151/pdf?version=1653552016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/6/151/pdf?version=1653552016","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078784491","display_name":"Rania Trigui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125985","display_name":"Institut Fresnel","ror":"https://ror.org/03br1wy20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania Trigui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102710247","display_name":"Mouloud Adel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125985","display_name":"Institut Fresnel","ror":"https://ror.org/03br1wy20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mouloud Adel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042946025","display_name":"Mathieu Di Bisc\u00e9glie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Di Bisceglie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Imaging Service, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-2006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging Service, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065700610","display_name":"Julien Wojak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125985","display_name":"Institut Fresnel","ror":"https://ror.org/03br1wy20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142724","display_name":"Centrale Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/040baw385","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Wojak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-5662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142724","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034501016","display_name":"Jessica Pinol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162909","display_name":"H\u00f4pital de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/05jrr4320","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Pinol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paediatric Surgery Department, APHM, La Timone Children Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paediatric Surgery Department, APHM, La Timone Children Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016857836","display_name":"Alice Faure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-6391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162909","display_name":"H\u00f4pital de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/05jrr4320","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Faure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paediatric Surgery Department, APHM, La Timone Children Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paediatric Surgery Department, APHM, La Timone Children Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052478759","display_name":"Kathia Chaumo\u00eetre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-5377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathia Chaumoitre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Imaging Service, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Imaging Service, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102710247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210125985","https://openalex.org/I4210142724"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.4351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6038176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"151","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7810381650924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.705346405506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6572860479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6106931567192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5629894137382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5563014149665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function","display_name":"Radial basis function","score":0.506538987159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4508100748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4423756003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.42490479350090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41227641701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.25457119941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18677011132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1216629147529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.11186924576759338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7810381650924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.705346405506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6572860479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6106931567192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5629894137382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5563014149665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.506538987159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4508100748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4423756003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42490479350090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41227641701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25457119941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18677011132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1216629147529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.11186924576759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/6/151/pdf?version=1653552016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35735950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35735950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3a39e3fbd76425ea1c1ef3e4361edfb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3a39e3fbd76425ea1c1ef3e4361edfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 151 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9225539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9225539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/6/151/pdf?version=1653552016","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281490041.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281490041.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516224827","https://openalex.org/W1570810277","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2050763737","https://openalex.org/W2060246648","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2066864663","https://openalex.org/W2072412086","https://openalex.org/W2085711142","https://openalex.org/W2115331379","https://openalex.org/W2117165508","https://openalex.org/W2121628903","https://openalex.org/W2126326837","https://openalex.org/W2135471733","https://openalex.org/W2138398384","https://openalex.org/W2151775135","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157435012","https://openalex.org/W2280347411","https://openalex.org/W2307535535","https://openalex.org/W2439393670","https://openalex.org/W2535901150","https://openalex.org/W2573818714","https://openalex.org/W2593949124","https://openalex.org/W2740652190","https://openalex.org/W2804142894","https://openalex.org/W2904939906","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2955070195","https://openalex.org/W2977585436","https://openalex.org/W2978133159","https://openalex.org/W3009704576","https://openalex.org/W3011792304","https://openalex.org/W3033067191","https://openalex.org/W3089155409","https://openalex.org/W3103805449","https://openalex.org/W3152382904","https://openalex.org/W3164156139","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6695450526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2986217657","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2758994127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1)":[0],"Background:":[1],"Segmentation":[2],"of":[3,26,44,53,59,88,155,169,190],"the":[4,21,24,27,39,42,45,57,63,77,89,113,147],"bladder":[5,28,46,64,121,170],"inner's":[6],"wall":[7,65,79,122,171],"and":[8,23,30,41,139,167],"outer":[9],"boundaries":[10],"on":[11,80,112,165,172],"Magnetic":[12],"Resonance":[13],"Images":[14],"(MRI)":[15],"is":[16,178],"a":[17,102,153,188],"crucial":[18],"step":[19],"for":[20,38,175,185],"diagnosis":[22],"characterization":[25],"state":[29],"function.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"proposes":[34],"an":[35,85],"optimized":[36,133,162],"system":[37,110,163],"segmentation":[40,166],"classification":[43,150,176],"wall.":[47],"(2)":[48],"Methods:":[49],"For":[50],"each":[51],"image":[52],"our":[54],"data":[55],"set,":[56],"region":[58],"interest":[60],"corresponding":[61],"to":[62],"was":[66],"extracted":[67,78],"using":[68,101,140],"LevelSet":[69,115],"contour-based":[70],"segmentation.":[71,123],"Several":[72],"features":[73],"were":[74,99],"computed":[75],"from":[76],"T2":[81],"MRI":[82,173],"images.":[83],"After":[84],"automatic":[86],"selection":[87],"sub-vector":[90],"containing":[91],"most":[92],"discriminant":[93],"features,":[94],"two":[95],"supervised":[96],"learning":[97],"algorithms":[98],"tested":[100],"bio-inspired":[103],"optimization":[104],"algorithm.":[105],"(3)":[106],"Results:":[107],"The":[108],"proposed":[109],"based":[111,164],"improved":[114],"algorithm":[116,151],"proved":[117],"its":[118],"efficiency":[119],"in":[120],"Experiments":[124],"also":[125],"showed":[126],"that":[127],"Support":[128],"Vector":[129],"Machine":[130],"(SVM)":[131],"classifier,":[132],"by":[134],"Gray":[135],"Wolf":[136],"Optimizer":[137],"(GWO)":[138],"Radial":[141],"Basis":[142],"Function":[143],"(RBF)":[144],"kernel":[145],"outperforms":[146],"Random":[148],"Forest":[149],"with":[152],"set":[154],"selected":[156],"features.":[157],"(4)":[158],"Conclusions:":[159],"A":[160],"computer-aided":[161],"characterization,":[168],"images":[174],"purposes":[177],"proposed.":[179],"It":[180],"can":[181],"significantly":[182],"be":[183],"helpful":[184],"radiologists":[186],"as":[187],"part":[189],"spina":[191],"bifida":[192],"study.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
