{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214689744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030057","title":"PRNU-Based Video Source Attribution: Which Frames Are You Using?","display_name":"PRNU-Based Video Source Attribution: Which Frames Are You Using?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214689744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030057","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35324612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/3/57/pdf?version=1646182394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/3/57/pdf?version=1646182394","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081380044","display_name":"Pasquale Ferrara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Commission\u2014DG Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-6211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Commission\u2014DG Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086675108","display_name":"Massimo Iuliani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Iuliani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy","FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007423585","display_name":"Alessandro Piva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Piva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy","FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy","National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Viale Usberti, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-0519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Viale Usberti, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007423585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310","https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.3196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80951079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"57","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8353856205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.7944422960281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.679327666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.616457462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5676470994949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.46581414341926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41117390990257263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8353856205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7944422960281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.679327666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.616457462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5676470994949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.46581414341926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41117390990257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/3/57/pdf?version=1646182394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35324612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35324612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8ec16ffe7d1442fa0d0e93bd54e7533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8ec16ffe7d1442fa0d0e93bd54e7533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 8, Iss 3, p 57 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1260377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/3/57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8953239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8953239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging8030057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030057","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/8/3/57/pdf?version=1646182394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214689744.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145900035","https://openalex.org/W1482794173","https://openalex.org/W1971081286","https://openalex.org/W2001426616","https://openalex.org/W2033926913","https://openalex.org/W2079251747","https://openalex.org/W2096754397","https://openalex.org/W2124695272","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2141701079","https://openalex.org/W2147555557","https://openalex.org/W2168126647","https://openalex.org/W2171353393","https://openalex.org/W2539607883","https://openalex.org/W2577185574","https://openalex.org/W2608442906","https://openalex.org/W2611426089","https://openalex.org/W2762911267","https://openalex.org/W2785615674","https://openalex.org/W2913890393","https://openalex.org/W2923029023","https://openalex.org/W2946163727","https://openalex.org/W2951455150","https://openalex.org/W2963940818","https://openalex.org/W2978454506","https://openalex.org/W3011327013","https://openalex.org/W3033235391","https://openalex.org/W3093764491","https://openalex.org/W3114723929","https://openalex.org/W3123135587","https://openalex.org/W3125809067","https://openalex.org/W3187021279","https://openalex.org/W3208515506","https://openalex.org/W6680944521","https://openalex.org/W6724950447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035546108","https://openalex.org/W2376361520","https://openalex.org/W2133328864","https://openalex.org/W2093949997","https://openalex.org/W2570200690","https://openalex.org/W2389726244","https://openalex.org/W3030478661","https://openalex.org/W2323536476","https://openalex.org/W2104624653","https://openalex.org/W2128730003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photo":[0],"Response":[1],"Non-Uniformity":[2],"(PRNU)":[3],"is":[4,21],"reputed":[5],"the":[6,12,27,39,63,71,134,142,160],"most":[7],"successful":[8],"trace":[9],"to":[10,46,88,108,150],"identify":[11],"source":[13,111,171],"of":[14,29,74,136],"a":[15,104],"digital":[16,77],"video.":[17],"However,":[18,62],"its":[19],"effectiveness":[20],"mainly":[22,51],"limited":[23],"by":[24,52,146],"compression":[25,75],"and":[26,70,76,99,130],"effect":[28,73],"recently":[30],"introduced":[31],"electronic":[32],"image":[33],"stabilization":[34,78],"on":[35,127,159],"several":[36,42],"devices.":[37],"In":[38,113],"last":[40],"decade,":[41],"approaches":[43],"were":[44,66],"proposed":[45],"overcome":[47],"both":[48],"these":[49],"issues,":[50],"selecting":[53,124],"those":[54,101],"video":[55,110,170],"frames":[56,125,148],"which":[57],"are":[58],"considered":[59],"more":[60],"informative.":[61],"two":[64],"problems":[65],"always":[67],"treated":[68],"separately,":[69],"combined":[72],"was":[79],"never":[80],"considered.":[81],"This":[82],"separated":[83],"analysis":[84],"makes":[85],"it":[86],"hard":[87],"understand":[89],"if":[90,100],"achieved":[91],"conclusions":[92],"still":[93],"stand":[94],"for":[95],"digitally":[96,152],"stabilized":[97,153,156],"videos":[98],"choices":[102],"represent":[103],"general":[105],"optimum":[106,120],"strategy":[107,121],"perform":[109],"attribution.":[112],"this":[114],"paper,":[115],"we":[116],"explore":[117],"whether":[118],"an":[119],"exists":[122],"in":[123,173],"based":[126],"their":[128,131],"type":[129],"positions":[132],"within":[133],"groups":[135],"pictures.":[137],"We,":[138],"therefore,":[139],"systematically":[140],"analyze":[141],"PRNU":[143],"contribute":[144],"provided":[145],"all":[147],"belonging":[149],"either":[151],"or":[154],"not":[155],"videos.":[157],"Results":[158],"VISION":[161],"dataset":[162],"come":[163],"up":[164],"with":[165],"some":[166],"insights":[167],"into":[168],"optimizing":[169],"attribution":[172],"different":[174],"use":[175],"cases.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}