{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128856970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020024","title":"Real-Time Quality Control of Heat Sealed Bottles Using Thermal Images and Artificial Neural Network","display_name":"Real-Time Quality Control of Heat Sealed Bottles Using Thermal Images and Artificial Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128856970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020024","mag":"3128856970","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging7020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/2/24/pdf?version=1612348772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/2/24/pdf?version=1612348772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110865561","display_name":"Samuel Cruz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076292364","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Paulino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Paulino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Coimbra, Higher School of Technology and Management, R. General Santos Costa, 3400-124 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Higher School of Technology and Management, R. General Santos Costa, 3400-124 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040919007","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Dur\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-9991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Duraes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Informatics and Systems, Uiversity of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Informatics and Systems, Uiversity of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026269967","display_name":"Mateus Mendes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mateus Mendes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-7966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Engineering Academy, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026269967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453","https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.6621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85832015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7020907998085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottle","display_name":"Bottle","score":0.6718726754188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6617356538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conveyor-belt","display_name":"Conveyor belt","score":0.6134520769119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5354006290435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5301809310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4536839723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4507765471935272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.41132816672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3240329623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16965335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09305188059806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08944949507713318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7020907998085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32236832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80228","display_name":"Bottle","level":2,"score":0.6718726754188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6617356538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777709985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770135","display_name":"Conveyor belt","level":2,"score":0.6134520769119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5354006290435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5301809310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4536839723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4507765471935272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.41132816672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3240329623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16965335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09305188059806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08944949507713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging7020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/2/24/pdf?version=1612348772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34460623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fedf305eba0240cd8736ed8b63717fca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fedf305eba0240cd8736ed8b63717fca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 24 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8321283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8321283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging7020024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7020024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/2/24/pdf?version=1612348772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128856970.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965220308","https://openalex.org/W2024909735","https://openalex.org/W2066599148","https://openalex.org/W2101414806","https://openalex.org/W2127970545","https://openalex.org/W2142558395","https://openalex.org/W2300778507","https://openalex.org/W2465558286","https://openalex.org/W2492133633","https://openalex.org/W2551409693","https://openalex.org/W2791089593","https://openalex.org/W2892961562","https://openalex.org/W2927521054","https://openalex.org/W2972450263","https://openalex.org/W2980394611","https://openalex.org/W6755456524","https://openalex.org/W6992846583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361630154","https://openalex.org/W2371085739","https://openalex.org/W4295815926","https://openalex.org/W2073257261","https://openalex.org/W3005230903","https://openalex.org/W2370457247","https://openalex.org/W2135439760","https://openalex.org/W2321188953","https://openalex.org/W1905048983","https://openalex.org/W2947547139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quality":[0],"control":[1,35],"of":[2,43,46,56,69,133,138],"heat":[3],"sealed":[4],"bottles":[5,47],"is":[6,59,100,124,143],"very":[7],"important":[8],"to":[9,39,108,150],"minimize":[10],"waste":[11],"and":[12,31,104,135,140],"in":[13,114,126],"some":[14],"cases":[15],"protect":[16],"people's":[17],"health.":[18],"The":[19,98,117],"present":[20],"paper":[21],"describes":[22],"a":[23,95,131,136],"case":[24,52],"study":[25],"where":[26],"an":[27,62],"automated":[28,144],"non":[29,32,101],"invasive":[30],"destructive":[33],"quality":[34,42],"system":[36],"was":[37],"designed":[38],"assess":[40],"the":[41,44,54,57,70,78,85,88,121],"seals":[45,58,71,79,129],"containing":[48],"pesticide.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"study,":[53],"integrity":[55],"evaluated":[60],"using":[61,94],"artificial":[63],"neural":[64],"network":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67],"images":[68,89],"processed":[72],"with":[73,130],"computer":[74],"vision":[75],"techniques.":[76],"Because":[77],"are":[80,90],"not":[81],"directly":[82],"visible":[83],"from":[84],"bottle":[86,152],"exterior,":[87],"infrared":[91],"pictures":[92],"obtained":[93],"thermal":[96],"camera.":[97],"method":[99],"invasive,":[102],"automated,":[103],"can":[105,146],"be":[106,147],"applied":[107],"common":[109],"conveyor":[110],"belts":[111],"currently":[112],"used":[113],"industrial":[115],"plants.":[116,154],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"inspection":[122],"process":[123],"effective":[125],"identifying":[127],"defective":[128],"precision":[132],"98.6%":[134],"recall":[137],"100%":[139],"because":[141],"it":[142,145],"scaled":[148],"up":[149],"large":[151],"processing":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}