{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042202142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","title":"Identification of QR Code Perspective Distortion Based on Edge Directions and Edge Projections Analysis","display_name":"Identification of QR Code Perspective Distortion Based on Edge Directions and Edge Projections Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042202142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","mag":"3042202142","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging6070067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/6/7/67/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/6/7/67/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036850906","display_name":"Ladislav Karrach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-6806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099477","display_name":"Technick\u00e1 univerzita vo Zvolene","ror":"https://ror.org/00j75pt62","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099477"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ladislav Karrach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Masarykova 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-6806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Masarykova 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020512818","display_name":"Elena Pivar\u010diov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-8245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099477","display_name":"Technick\u00e1 univerzita vo Zvolene","ror":"https://ror.org/00j75pt62","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099477"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Pivar\u010diov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Masarykova 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-8245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Masarykova 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028371632","display_name":"Pavol Bo\u017eek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-3847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110757952","display_name":"Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava","ror":"https://ror.org/0561ghm58","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110757952"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavol Bo\u017eek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Institute of Production Technologies, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-3847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Institute of Production Technologies, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110757952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020512818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099477"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":6.9601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97042331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"7","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6874675154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6801541447639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6309616565704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5850610733032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5778001546859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5531748533248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5107102394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4307910203933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37260687351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3440197706222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1257723867893219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6874675154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6801541447639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6309616565704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5850610733032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5778001546859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5531748533248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5107102394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4307910203933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37260687351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3440197706222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1257723867893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging6070067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/6/7/67/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34460660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94b22dc1b84d47dd98cacf7ea979d0d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94b22dc1b84d47dd98cacf7ea979d0d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 6, Iss 7, p 67 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2313-433X/6/7/67/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8321072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8321072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging6070067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/6/7/67/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323640","display_name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042202142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042202142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479810004","https://openalex.org/W1560892771","https://openalex.org/W1588276153","https://openalex.org/W1972001192","https://openalex.org/W2003099669","https://openalex.org/W2013615594","https://openalex.org/W2074722469","https://openalex.org/W2096074125","https://openalex.org/W2122566658","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2158240273","https://openalex.org/W2171330332","https://openalex.org/W2400737533","https://openalex.org/W2565750181","https://openalex.org/W2610695514","https://openalex.org/W2731900166","https://openalex.org/W2737745839","https://openalex.org/W2744699359","https://openalex.org/W2760479123","https://openalex.org/W2769608195","https://openalex.org/W2811478734","https://openalex.org/W2894062659","https://openalex.org/W2930056807","https://openalex.org/W2935850585","https://openalex.org/W2949660381","https://openalex.org/W3004465315","https://openalex.org/W3034081954","https://openalex.org/W6742052334","https://openalex.org/W6755126116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898732673","https://openalex.org/W2410053581","https://openalex.org/W2383658677","https://openalex.org/W3123203398","https://openalex.org/W2328889547","https://openalex.org/W1972473893","https://openalex.org/W2466435674","https://openalex.org/W2765200542","https://openalex.org/W3003858543","https://openalex.org/W1969547578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"QR":[0,49,66],"(quick":[1],"response)":[2],"Codes":[3,50],"are":[4,59],"one":[5],"of":[6,11,22,46,64,82,93,98],"the":[7,38,80,90],"most":[8],"popular":[9],"types":[10],"two-dimensional":[12],"(2D)":[13],"matrix":[14,25],"codes":[15],"currently":[16],"used":[17],"in":[18,37,51,61],"a":[19,65,71],"wide":[20],"variety":[21],"fields.":[23],"Two-dimensional":[24],"codes,":[26,31],"compared":[27,43],"to":[28,74,115],"1D":[29],"bar":[30],"can":[32],"encode":[33],"significantly":[34],"more":[35],"data":[36],"same":[39],"area.":[40],"We":[41],"have":[42],"algorithms":[44],"capable":[45],"localizing":[47],"multiple":[48],"an":[52],"image":[53],"using":[54],"typical":[55],"finder":[56],"patterns,":[57],"which":[58],"present":[60,70],"three":[62],"corners":[63],"Code.":[67],"Finally,":[68],"we":[69],"novel":[72],"approach":[73],"identify":[75],"perspective":[76],"distortion":[77],"by":[78,88],"analyzing":[79],"direction":[81],"horizontal":[83,94],"and":[84,87,95,111],"vertical":[85,96],"edges":[86],"maximizing":[89],"standard":[91],"deviation":[92],"projections":[97],"these":[99],"edges.":[100],"This":[101],"algorithm":[102],"is":[103,112],"computationally":[104],"efficient,":[105],"works":[106],"well":[107],"for":[108],"low-resolution":[109],"images,":[110],"also":[113],"suited":[114],"real-time":[116],"processing.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}