{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964359046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","title":"Snowglow\u2014The Amplification of Skyglow by Snow and Clouds Can Exceed Full Moon Illuminance in Suburban Areas","display_name":"Snowglow\u2014The Amplification of Skyglow by Snow and Clouds Can Exceed Full Moon Illuminance in Suburban Areas","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964359046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","mag":"2964359046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging5080069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/5/8/69/pdf?version=1565319179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/5/8/69/pdf?version=1565319179","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022204202","display_name":"Andreas Jechow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116314","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/01nftxb06","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Jechow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany","Remote Sensing, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-6366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044130350","display_name":"Franz H\u00f6lker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116314","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/01nftxb06","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz H\u00f6lker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany","Institute of Biology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-266X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022204202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116314","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.5489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92828262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"8","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7737573385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illuminance","display_name":"Illuminance","score":0.73504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5587956309318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38856184482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3757167458534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3377244472503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32537296414375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.20645353198051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08043152093887329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7737573385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36365805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194411","display_name":"Illuminance","level":2,"score":0.73504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5587956309318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38856184482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3757167458534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3377244472503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32537296414375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.20645353198051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08043152093887329}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging5080069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/5/8/69/pdf?version=1565319179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34460503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c0236597b1a4561801f42731077065d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c0236597b1a4561801f42731077065d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 5, Iss 8, p 69 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6416512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6416512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196269","display_name":"PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging, 5(8):69","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_5000494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5000494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2313-433X/5/8/69/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8320966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8320966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging5080069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5080069","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/5/8/69/pdf?version=1565319179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2655091332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAW-K45/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","funder_display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4555181937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2015-688135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8329657913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAW-2015-IGB-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","funder_display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964359046.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568174583","https://openalex.org/W1652481844","https://openalex.org/W1963503185","https://openalex.org/W2001373366","https://openalex.org/W2027773334","https://openalex.org/W2043723666","https://openalex.org/W2065146493","https://openalex.org/W2095467074","https://openalex.org/W2102275843","https://openalex.org/W2105225290","https://openalex.org/W2109645559","https://openalex.org/W2161276543","https://openalex.org/W2225827612","https://openalex.org/W2261609399","https://openalex.org/W2285208572","https://openalex.org/W2417517957","https://openalex.org/W2424895122","https://openalex.org/W2510302215","https://openalex.org/W2587812521","https://openalex.org/W2615203385","https://openalex.org/W2739698864","https://openalex.org/W2752691012","https://openalex.org/W2755235317","https://openalex.org/W2765630225","https://openalex.org/W2792670451","https://openalex.org/W2793601315","https://openalex.org/W2890377833","https://openalex.org/W2911771035","https://openalex.org/W2914030322","https://openalex.org/W2940331306","https://openalex.org/W2964103669","https://openalex.org/W3015024126","https://openalex.org/W3101837785","https://openalex.org/W3105424594","https://openalex.org/W4211093886","https://openalex.org/W4236718886","https://openalex.org/W4300073939","https://openalex.org/W6636635989","https://openalex.org/W6674209854","https://openalex.org/W6717323758","https://openalex.org/W7017578273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2765584696","https://openalex.org/W2087783945","https://openalex.org/W2161742204","https://openalex.org/W4400941996","https://openalex.org/W2236460590","https://openalex.org/W2051094410","https://openalex.org/W1993375331","https://openalex.org/W3157072167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"skyglow,":[1],"the":[2,20,29,43,66,102,143,206,225,230],"fraction":[3],"of":[4,45,81,105,127,139,149,158,177,185,201,232],"artificial":[5],"light":[6],"at":[7,120],"night":[8],"that":[9,34],"is":[10,42,70,136],"emitted":[11],"upwards":[12],"from":[13],"Earth":[14],"and":[15,61,87,109,113,134,211,216,237],"subsequently":[16],"scattered":[17],"back":[18],"within":[19],"atmosphere,":[21],"depends":[22],"on":[23,28],"atmospheric":[24],"conditions":[25,164,213],"but":[26],"also":[27],"ground":[30],"albedo.":[31],"One":[32],"effect":[33],"has":[35,56],"not":[36],"gained":[37],"much":[38],"attention":[39],"so":[40],"far":[41],"amplification":[44,83,175,231],"skyglow":[46,82,233],"by":[47,84,196,234],"snow,":[48],"particularly":[49],"in":[50,93,111,165],"combination":[51,112],"with":[52,90,132,153,236],"clouds.":[53,239],"Snow,":[54],"however,":[55],"a":[57,94,137,166,199],"very":[58,167],"high":[59],"albedo":[60],"can":[62],"become":[63],"important":[64],"when":[65,72],"direct":[67],"upward":[68],"emission":[69],"reduced":[71],"using":[73],"shielded":[74],"luminaires.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77,121,170],"work,":[78],"first":[79],"results":[80],"fresh":[85],"snow":[86,108,116,133,235],"clouds":[88,110,135],"measured":[89,131,161],"all-sky":[91],"photometry":[92],"suburban":[95],"area":[96],"are":[97,214,221],"presented.":[98],"Amplification":[99],"factors":[100],"for":[101,107,115,162,209,218],"zenith":[103,125,156],"luminance":[104,126,157],"188":[106],"33":[114],"alone":[117],"were":[118],"found":[119],"site.":[122],"The":[123],"maximum":[124,191],"nearly":[128],"250":[129],"mcd/m2":[130,160],"factor":[138,176,200],"1000":[140],"higher":[141],"than":[142,198],"commonly":[144],"used":[145],"clear":[146,210],"sky":[147],"reference":[148],"0.25":[150],"mcd/m2.":[151],"Compared":[152],"our":[154],"darkest":[155],"0.07":[159],"overcast":[163,212],"remote":[168],"area,":[169],"leads":[171],"to":[172,187,228],"an":[173],"overall":[174],"ca.":[178],"3500.":[179],"Horizontal":[180],"illuminance":[181,194],"measurements":[182,204],"show":[183],"values":[184],"up":[186],"0.79":[188],"lx,":[189],"exceeding":[190],"possible":[192],"full-moon":[193],"levels":[195],"more":[197],"two.":[202],"Additional":[203],"near":[205],"Arctic":[207],"Circle":[208],"presented":[215],"strategies":[217],"further":[219],"studies":[220],"discussed.":[222],"We":[223],"propose":[224],"term":[226],"\u201csnowglow\u201d":[227],"describe":[229],"without":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}