{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783975527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4020029","title":"Estimating Full Regional Skeletal Muscle Fibre Orientation from B-Mode Ultrasound Images Using Convolutional, Residual, and Deconvolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Estimating Full Regional Skeletal Muscle Fibre Orientation from B-Mode Ultrasound Images Using Convolutional, Residual, and Deconvolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783975527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4020029","mag":"2783975527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging4020029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4020029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/4/2/29/pdf?version=1517283405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/4/2/29/pdf?version=1517283405","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009412175","display_name":"Ryan Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-6515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-6515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038381734","display_name":"Mar\u00eda B. S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011935162","display_name":"Gregory D. May","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory May","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026098931","display_name":"Ian D. Loram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-6320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Loram","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-6320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009412175","https://openalex.org/A5026098931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.2266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91186967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"29","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.9485999941825867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8147773742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8037515878677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7582694292068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.6875799894332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.643763542175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6103554964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6056523323059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.591460108757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49542152881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4302053153514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42151719331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-net-regularization","display_name":"Elastic net regularization","score":0.4178958535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.26942771673202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16947540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0712364912033081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8147773742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8037515878677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7582694292068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.6875799894332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.643763542175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6103554964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6056523323059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.591460108757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49542152881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4302053153514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42151719331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203868755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5353562","display_name":"Elastic net regularization","level":3,"score":0.4178958535194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.26942771673202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16947540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0712364912033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging4020029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4020029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/4/2/29/pdf?version=1517283405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:620891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/140b72aba67f2ac8b1b38c6fd4d82a91.html>,","pdf_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620891/8/jimaging-04-00029-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f57383b8c3334f3ba5f2cb609c1d8d84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f57383b8c3334f3ba5f2cb609c1d8d84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 4, Iss 2, p 29 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging4020029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging4020029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/4/2/29/pdf?version=1517283405","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311699","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783975527.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2783975527.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284728061","https://openalex.org/W602397586","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1127862795","https://openalex.org/W1490154749","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1964859063","https://openalex.org/W1973525597","https://openalex.org/W1987087680","https://openalex.org/W2006347227","https://openalex.org/W2031595164","https://openalex.org/W2032560731","https://openalex.org/W2085190694","https://openalex.org/W2093316730","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097186999","https://openalex.org/W2108616409","https://openalex.org/W2112080959","https://openalex.org/W2125870821","https://openalex.org/W2127325854","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W2130267346","https://openalex.org/W2139737001","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2161020449","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2525974879","https://openalex.org/W2548537168","https://openalex.org/W2566289208","https://openalex.org/W2633552667","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6679367408","https://openalex.org/W6727611162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213314600","https://openalex.org/W3211319599","https://openalex.org/W2954774635","https://openalex.org/W4292248859","https://openalex.org/W4388594321","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2990636717","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,45,248],"investigation":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,141,148,159,173,181],"feasibility":[7],"of":[8,21,25,38,48,118,180,200,207,237],"using":[9,227],"deep":[10,82,107,145],"learning":[11],"methods":[12],"for":[13,140,150,211],"developing":[14],"arbitrary":[15],"full":[16,35,238],"spatial":[17,36,239],"resolution":[18],"regression":[19],"analysis":[20,37],"B-mode":[22],"ultrasound":[23,63,177],"images":[24,178],"human":[26],"skeletal":[27],"muscle.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"study,":[31],"we":[32,126,154],"focus":[33],"on":[34,172,250],"muscle":[39,123],"fibre":[40,60,119,137,209,240],"orientation,":[41],"since":[42],"there":[43],"is":[44],"existing":[46],"body":[47],"work":[49,93],"with":[50,100,158,223],"which":[51,95,246],"to":[52,57,113,132],"compare":[53,155],"results.":[54],"Previous":[55],"attempts":[56],"automatically":[58],"estimate":[59],"orientation":[61,120,138,210,241],"from":[62,188],"are":[64,84],"not":[65,86],"adequate,":[66],"often":[67,85],"requiring":[68],"manual":[69],"region":[70],"selection,":[71],"feature":[72,169],"engineering,":[73],"providing":[74],"low-resolution":[75,116],"estimations":[76],"(one":[77],"angle":[78],"per":[79],"muscle)":[80],"and":[81,106,129,134,153,161,203,224],"muscles":[83,183],"attempted.":[87],"We":[88],"build":[89],"upon":[90],"our":[91,156],"previous":[92,251],"in":[94,121],"automatic":[96,151],"segmentation":[97,152],"was":[98,247],"used":[99],"plain":[101],"convolutional":[102,109],"neural":[103],"network":[104,110],"(CNN)":[105],"residual":[108],"(ResNet)":[111],"architectures,":[112],"predict":[114],"a":[115,166],"map":[117],"extracted":[122],"regions.":[124],"Here,":[125],"use":[127],"deconvolutions":[128],"max-unpooling":[130],"(DCNN)":[131],"regularise":[133],"improve":[135],"predicted":[136],"maps":[139],"entire":[142],"image,":[143],"including":[144],"muscles,":[146],"removing":[147],"need":[149],"results":[157,233],"CNN":[160],"ResNet,":[162,217],"as":[163,165],"well":[164],"previously":[167],"established":[168],"engineering":[170],"method,":[171],"same":[174],"task.":[175],"Dynamic":[176],"sequences":[179],"calf":[182],"were":[184,219],"acquired":[185],"(25":[186],"Hz)":[187],"8":[189],"healthy":[190],"volunteers":[191],"(4":[192],"male,":[193],"ages:":[194],"25\u201336,":[195],"median":[196],"30).":[197],"A":[198],"combination":[199],"expert":[201],"annotation":[202],"interpolation/extrapolation":[204],"provided":[205],"labels":[206],"regional":[208],"each":[212],"image.":[213],"Neural":[214],"networks":[215],"(CNN,":[216],"DCNN)":[218],"then":[220],"trained":[221],"both":[222],"without":[225],"dropout":[226],"leave":[228],"one":[229],"out":[230],"cross-validation.":[231],"Our":[232],"demonstrated":[234],"robust":[235],"estimation":[236],"within":[242],"approximately":[243],"6\u00b0":[244],"error,":[245],"improvement":[249],"methods.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
