{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2771968074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","title":"Preliminary Results of Clover and Grass Coverage and Total Dry Matter Estimation in Clover-Grass Crops Using Image Analysis","display_name":"Preliminary Results of Clover and Grass Coverage and Total Dry Matter Estimation in Clover-Grass Crops Using Image Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2771968074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","mag":"2771968074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/59/pdf?version=1512545933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/59/pdf?version=1512545933","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041049308","display_name":"Anders Krogh Mortensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8773-635X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anders Mortensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Fors\u00f8gsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagese, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8773-635X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Fors\u00f8gsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagese, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008668056","display_name":"Henrik Karstoft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-8983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Karstoft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085255147","display_name":"Karen S\u00f8egaard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen S\u00f8egaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032499599","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Gislum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-4781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Gislum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Fors\u00f8gsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagese, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1432-4781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Fors\u00f8gsvej 1, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagese, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000548850","display_name":"Rasmus Nyholm J\u00f8rgensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus J\u00f8rgensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041049308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.5986,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71697319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-matter","display_name":"Dry matter","score":0.8460472822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.6069915294647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-season","display_name":"Dry season","score":0.5138752460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-season","display_name":"Growing season","score":0.44343119859695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42819744348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-clover","display_name":"Red Clover","score":0.4131756126880646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3597702383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1955844759941101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.8460472822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6069915294647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.5138752460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.44343119859695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42819744348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776702220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156635","display_name":"Red Clover","level":2,"score":0.4131756126880646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3597702383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1955844759941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/59/pdf?version=1512545933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/59d8fdba-ae3e-412d-87df-d8f457b6507a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/59d8fdba-ae3e-412d-87df-d8f457b6507a","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mortensen, A K, Karstoft, H, S\u00f8egaard, K, Gislum, R & Nyholm J\u00f8rgensen, R 2017, 'Preliminary Results of Clover and Grass Coverage and Total Dry Matter Estimation in Clover-Grass Crops Using Image Analysis', Journal of Imaging, vol. 3, no. 4, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:035bbada68b84161a79c15313973dba8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/035bbada68b84161a79c15313973dba8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 3, Iss 4, p 59 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/59/pdf?version=1512545933","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309928","display_name":"Aarhus Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323799","display_name":"Syddansk Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2771968074.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2771968074.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523598505","https://openalex.org/W1525257406","https://openalex.org/W1658678659","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1963768209","https://openalex.org/W1968539246","https://openalex.org/W1971637299","https://openalex.org/W1974324216","https://openalex.org/W1982583221","https://openalex.org/W2005156666","https://openalex.org/W2023788490","https://openalex.org/W2034224790","https://openalex.org/W2048235387","https://openalex.org/W2049164025","https://openalex.org/W2064988850","https://openalex.org/W2069680634","https://openalex.org/W2075924440","https://openalex.org/W2084320908","https://openalex.org/W2097098463","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2128766583","https://openalex.org/W2128866545","https://openalex.org/W2132077228","https://openalex.org/W2135011079","https://openalex.org/W2138412957","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2247062920","https://openalex.org/W2273297058","https://openalex.org/W2290067118","https://openalex.org/W2491502237","https://openalex.org/W2596002628","https://openalex.org/W2624423843","https://openalex.org/W3013741643","https://openalex.org/W6775610265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339415133","https://openalex.org/W169405665","https://openalex.org/W2144733383","https://openalex.org/W2132025461","https://openalex.org/W2034800812","https://openalex.org/W2560037086","https://openalex.org/W2617835726","https://openalex.org/W2315859736","https://openalex.org/W1987474514","https://openalex.org/W2036129779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,109,128],"clover-grass":[1,23,120],"ratio":[2,24],"is":[3,36],"an":[4,45,157],"important":[5],"factor":[6],"in":[7,14,75,118],"composing":[8],"feed":[9],"ratios":[10],"for":[11,49],"livestock.":[12],"Cameras":[13],"the":[15,18,22,32,41,52,73,104,124,139,146],"field":[16],"allow":[17],"user":[19],"to":[20],"estimate":[21,144],"using":[25,69,87,99],"image":[26,46,67],"analysis;":[27],"however,":[28],"current":[29],"methods":[30],"assume":[31],"total":[33,53,96,141],"dry":[34,54,97,142,148],"matter":[35,55,98,143,149],"known.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"presents":[40],"preliminary":[42,129],"results":[43,130],"of":[44,56,66,72,83,95,159],"analysis":[47],"method":[48,60,110],"non-destructively":[50],"estimating":[51],"clover-grass.":[57],"presented":[59],"includes":[61],"three":[62],"steps:":[63],"(1)":[64],"classification":[65],"illumination":[68],"a":[70,119,135],"histogram":[71],"difference":[74],"excess":[76,79],"green":[77],"and":[78,85,90,92,106,113,133,145],"red;":[80],"(2)":[81],"segmentation":[82,105],"clover":[84],"grass":[86,100],"edge":[88],"detection":[89],"morphology;":[91],"(3)":[93],"estimation":[94],"coverage":[101],"derived":[102],"from":[103],"climate":[107],"parameters.":[108],"was":[111],"developed":[112],"evaluated":[114],"on":[115],"images":[116],"captured":[117],"plot":[121],"experiment":[122],"during":[123],"spring":[125],"growing":[126],"season.":[127],"are":[131],"promising":[132],"show":[134],"high":[136],"correlation":[137],"between":[138],"image-based":[140],"harvested":[147],"(":[150],"R":[151],"2":[152],"=":[153],"0.93":[154],")":[155],"with":[156],"RMSE":[158],"210":[160],"kg":[161],"ha":[162],"\u2212":[163],"1":[164],".":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-10T07:06:39.071514","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
