{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2769575324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040051","title":"Nitrogen (N) Mineral Nutrition and Imaging Sensors for Determining N Status and Requirements of Maize","display_name":"Nitrogen (N) Mineral Nutrition and Imaging Sensors for Determining N Status and Requirements of Maize","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2769575324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040051","mag":"2769575324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/51/pdf?version=1510648308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/51/pdf?version=1510648308","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023099570","display_name":"Abdelaziz Rhezali","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaziz Rhezali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047693974","display_name":"Rachid Lahlali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142313","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale d'Agriculture de Mekn\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/051hckb40","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142313"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83308685","display_name":"Canadian Light Source (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/001bvc968","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83308685"]}],"countries":["CA","MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Lahlali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada","Currently Department of Crop Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Agriculture de Mekn\u00e8s, BP/S 40, Mekn\u00e8s 50001, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83308685","https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Currently Department of Crop Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Agriculture de Mekn\u00e8s, BP/S 40, Mekn\u00e8s 50001, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142313"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023099570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.7597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85090442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"51","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11745","display_name":"Potato Plant Research","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6655521392822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.595696747303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomics","display_name":"Phenomics","score":0.5834754705429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5499070882797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"Chlorophyll","score":0.4997069835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.4956852197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.43534091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zea-mays","display_name":"Zea mays","score":0.4349070191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4307381808757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.42637479305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.42530032992362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.42348620295524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3203005790710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.21489635109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1600741147994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.1520533561706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14582177996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.132999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10418975353240967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6655521392822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.595696747303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98108635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497275","display_name":"Phenomics","level":5,"score":0.5834754705429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5499070882797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.4997069835662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4956852197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.43534091114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993531722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11575","display_name":"Zea mays","level":2,"score":0.4349070191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4307381808757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.42637479305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42530032992362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.42348620295524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3203005790710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.21489635109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1600741147994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.1520533561706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14582177996635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.132999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10418975353240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/51/pdf?version=1510648308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e76d174113634e27812153381f1000d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e76d174113634e27812153381f1000d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 3, Iss 4, p 51 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging3040051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging3040051","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/3/4/51/pdf?version=1510648308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769575324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769575324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72201045","https://openalex.org/W1138568079","https://openalex.org/W1481351420","https://openalex.org/W1852202374","https://openalex.org/W1979596115","https://openalex.org/W1984207302","https://openalex.org/W1991535781","https://openalex.org/W1992800802","https://openalex.org/W1998405819","https://openalex.org/W2000976912","https://openalex.org/W2001948755","https://openalex.org/W2001986102","https://openalex.org/W2006020122","https://openalex.org/W2014386463","https://openalex.org/W2016101111","https://openalex.org/W2018170267","https://openalex.org/W2020691241","https://openalex.org/W2024422145","https://openalex.org/W2024925469","https://openalex.org/W2027359720","https://openalex.org/W2035265579","https://openalex.org/W2038023217","https://openalex.org/W2038840988","https://openalex.org/W2042045043","https://openalex.org/W2042418787","https://openalex.org/W2043387146","https://openalex.org/W2044023561","https://openalex.org/W2048658824","https://openalex.org/W2051269493","https://openalex.org/W2058131146","https://openalex.org/W2063362952","https://openalex.org/W2064814834","https://openalex.org/W2071053918","https://openalex.org/W2074667881","https://openalex.org/W2075844317","https://openalex.org/W2083078198","https://openalex.org/W2084575436","https://openalex.org/W2086585044","https://openalex.org/W2087044047","https://openalex.org/W2091473030","https://openalex.org/W2094156672","https://openalex.org/W2095555632","https://openalex.org/W2096466966","https://openalex.org/W2103184761","https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2118533658","https://openalex.org/W2123579287","https://openalex.org/W2132312489","https://openalex.org/W2144023308","https://openalex.org/W2144559754","https://openalex.org/W2150140969","https://openalex.org/W2154687103","https://openalex.org/W2156138646","https://openalex.org/W2158091103","https://openalex.org/W2165033666","https://openalex.org/W2167846692","https://openalex.org/W2187968459","https://openalex.org/W2470644244","https://openalex.org/W2552317240","https://openalex.org/W2562117593","https://openalex.org/W2588868548","https://openalex.org/W4211068926","https://openalex.org/W4253066829","https://openalex.org/W6627359070","https://openalex.org/W7015580527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249881829","https://openalex.org/W2953048636","https://openalex.org/W304886144","https://openalex.org/W4387031483","https://openalex.org/W2918339067","https://openalex.org/W2150403567","https://openalex.org/W2325942054","https://openalex.org/W4288220925","https://openalex.org/W2733608569","https://openalex.org/W2084925037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrogen":[0],"(N)":[1],"is":[2,37,65,138,156],"one":[3],"of":[4,17,26,42,55,60,90,95,135],"the":[5,40,51,58,63,74,88,93,115,122,133,144],"most":[6],"limiting":[7],"factors":[8,56],"for":[9],"maize":[10],"(Zea":[11],"mays":[12],"L.)":[13],"production":[14],"worldwide.":[15],"Over-fertilization":[16],"N":[18,30,43,61,72,82,102,141],"may":[19],"decrease":[20,33],"yields":[21,48],"and":[22,49,92,112,121,132],"increase":[23],"NO3\u2212":[24],"contamination":[25],"water.":[27],"However,":[28],"low":[29],"fertilization":[31],"will":[32],"yields.":[34],"The":[35,53],"objective":[36],"to":[38,45,67,70,80,139,158,161],"optimize":[39],"use":[41,81,89],"fertilizers,":[44],"excel":[46],"in":[47,62,73,104,109],"preserve":[50],"environment.":[52],"knowledge":[54],"affecting":[57],"mobility":[59],"soil":[64],"crucial":[66],"determine":[68,101],"ways":[69],"manage":[71],"field.":[75],"Researchers":[76],"developed":[77],"several":[78],"methods":[79],"efficiently":[83],"relying":[84],"on":[85,107],"agronomic":[86],"practices,":[87],"sensors":[91,100],"analysis":[94],"digital":[96],"images.":[97],"These":[98],"imaging":[99],"requirements":[103],"plants":[105],"based":[106],"changes":[108],"Leaf":[110],"chlorophyll":[111],"polyphenolics":[113],"contents,":[114],"Normalized":[116],"Difference":[117],"Vegetation":[118],"Index":[119,148],"(NDVI),":[120],"Dark":[123,145],"Green":[124,146],"Color":[125,147],"index":[126],"(DGCI).":[127],"Each":[128],"method":[129],"revealed":[130],"limitations":[131],"scope":[134],"future":[136],"research":[137],"draw":[140],"recommendations":[142],"from":[143,163],"(DGCI)":[149],"technology.":[150],"Results":[151],"showed":[152],"that":[153],"more":[154],"effort":[155],"needed":[157],"develop":[159],"tools":[160],"benefit":[162],"DGCI.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}